UNIT 5: The World of Work

I. GETTING STARTED

Our parents’ jobs

1. Listen and read.

Lan: Come in, Mark. Did you find my place easily?

Mark: Yes, I actually met your dad in the street and he showed me the way. He said he was on his way to work.

Lan: That’s right. My dad is a factory worker, so he works in shifts. Today he’s on the night shift.

Mark: Working night shifts must be really hard. When does he sleep?

Lan: He goes to bed right after he comes home in the morning when there’s no one at home. My mum’s usually at work then. She teaches at a primary school.

Mark: Working with kids must be fun.

Lan: Yes, she loves her job though teaching can be tiring. Getting up in front of the class and putting up a performance every day seem so stressful.

Mark: I agree. My mum used to be a teacher, but she gave up her job to look after me and my brother.

Lan: How about your dad?

Mark: He has a nine-to-five job. He’s an accountant at a bank.

Lan: Working with numbers must be difficult.

Mark: Yes, but it’s not just numbers. You need to learn so many regulations and build good working relationships with clients.

Lan: I guess he often goes on business trips.

Mark: Not really, but he works overtime. He sometimes comes back home when I’m already in bed.

Lan: You’re good at maths, so you should follow in his footsteps.

Mark: Definitely not. Neither I nor my brother wants to become an accountant. I’m interested in computer programming because it opens up so many job opportunities. What about you, Lan?

Lan: Well, I love working with children, so I want to become a primary school teacher like my mum.

Mark: Didn’t you say last year you wanted to become a scientist?

Lan: (laughing) Yeah…

2. Read the conversation again and put a tick (✓) in the appropriate column.

Answer:

Explanation

Lan: That’s right. My dad is a factory worker, so he works in shifts. Today he’s on the night shift. = > Lan’s dad is a factory worker and works in shifts

Lan: She teaches at a primary school. => Lan’s mum is a primary school teacher?

Mark: He has a nine-to-five job. He’s an accountant at a bank. => Mark’s dad is a bank accountant.

3. Match the words/phrases to make phrases mentioned in 1.

Answer:

1 – d. work overtime: làm thêm giờ

2 – a. go on business trips: đi công tác

3 – b. nine-to-five job: công việc hành chính

4 – c. night shift: ca đêm

4. Complete the sentences with phrases or clauses in the box based on the conversation in 1.

1. In Lan’s opinion, being an accountant is _______.

2. Mark wants to study computer programming _______.

3. Lan likes to work with children, _______.

4. Lan’s mum loves her job _______.

Answer:

1 – c. In Lan’s opinion, being an accountant is a difficult job. (Explanation: Lan: Working with numbers must be difficult.)

2 – a. Mark wants to study computer programming because it opens up so many job opportunities. (Explanation: Mark: I’m interested in computer programming because it opens up so many job opportunities.)

3 – b. Lan likes to work with children, so she wants to become a primary school teacher like her mum. (Explanation: Lan: Well, I love working with children, so I want to become a primary school teacher like my mum.)

4 – d. Lan’s mum loves her job though teaching can be tiring. (Explanation: Lan: Yes, she loves her job though teaching can be tiring.)

II. LANGUAGE

PRONUNCIATION

Stress auxiliary and modal verbs

1. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the stressed words.

1. I don't like working with numbers, but my brother does.

2. I will help you with your maths homework if I can.

3.

A: You haven't submitted your application letter for the job yet.

B: I have.

4. My brother couldn't ride a bike two months ago, but he can now.

Answer:

1. I don't like working with numbers, but my brother does. (Tôi không thích làm việc với các con số, nhưng anh trai tôi thì thích.)

2. I will help you with your maths homework if I can. (Tôi sẽ giúp bạn làm bài tập toán nếu có thể.)

3.

A: You haven't submitted your application letter for the job yet. (Bạn vẫn chưa nộp đơn xin việc.)

B: I have. (Tôi nộp rồi.)

4. My brother couldn't ride a bike two months ago, but he can now (Hai tháng trước em trai tôi không thể đi xe đạp, nhưng bây giờ em ấy đã có thể.)

2. Listen and underline the stressed auxiliary and modal verbs in the following sentences. Then practice saying the sentences in pairs.

1. I would help you find a job if I could.

2. When he started his first job, he wasn't used to working in an office, but he is used to it now.

3. A: Are you ready for the interview?

B: Yes, I am.

4. A: Is your father a teacher?

B: He was, but he's retired now.

Answer:

1. I would help you find a job if I could. (Tôi sẽ giúp bạn tìm việc làm nếu có thể.)

2. When he started his first job, he wasn't used to working in an office, but he is used to it now. (Khi anh ấy bắt đầu công việc đầu tiên, anh ấy không quen làm việc ở văn phòng, nhưng bây giờ anh ấy đã quen rồi.)

3.

A: Are you ready for the interview? - (Bạn đã sẵn sàng cho cuộc phỏng vấn chưa?)

B: Yes, I am. - (Vâng, tôi sẵn sàng.)

4.

A: Is your father a teacher? - (Bố của bạn có phải là giáo viên không?)

B: He was, but he's retired now. - (Đúng vậy, nhưng giờ ông ấy đã nghỉ hưu rồi.)

VOCABULARY

Work

1. Match the words with their meanings.

Answer:

1 - c. challenging (adj): difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability

2 - d. relevant (adj): related to a subject or to something happening or being discussed

3 - b. bonus (n): money added to somebody's salary as a reward for good work

4 - e. employ (v): to have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it

5 - a. rewarding (adj): worth doing, especially by making you feel satisfied that you have done something useful

2. Complete the sentences with the words in 1.

1. The company has to _______ more workers to meet the production targets.

2. Peter wants to become a pilot although he knows it is a _______ job.

3. Workers will receive a generous _______ if they achieve their performance goals.

4. Consider completing your course before you apply for this job because it will require _______ qualifications.

5. Working as a babysitter could be a _______ experience if you enjoy working with children.

Answer:

1. employ

The company has to employ more workers to meet the production targets. - (Công ty phải tuyển thêm lao động để đáp ứng mục tiêu sản xuất.)

2. challenging

Peter wants to become a pilot although he knows it is a challenging job. - (Peter muốn trở thành phi công mặc dù anh ấy biết đó là một công việc đầy thử thách.)

3. bonus

Workers will receive a generous bonus if they achieve their performance goals. - (Người lao động sẽ nhận được một khoản tiền thưởng hậu hĩnh nếu họ đạt được mục tiêu về hiệu suất của mình.)

4. relevant

Consider completing your course before you apply for this job because it will require relevant qualifications. - (Hãy cân nhắc việc hoàn thành khóa học của bạn trước khi nộp đơn xin việc này vì nó sẽ yêu cầu những bằng cấp liên quan.)

5. rewarding

Working as a babysitter could be a rewarding experience if you enjoy working with children. - (Làm người trông trẻ có thể là một trải nghiệm bổ ích nếu bạn thích làm việc với trẻ em.)

GRAMMAR

Simple, compound, and complex sentences (review and extension)

1. Combine the following simple sentences, using the words in brackets.

1. He left school with no academic qualifications. He found a well-paid job. (although)

=> ___________________________________________________________

2. People learn English well. They will have a better chance of getting a job. (if)

=> ___________________________________________________________

3. This job requires good language skills. It also requires communication skills. (not only ... but also)

=> ___________________________________________________________

4. My dad attended a cooking course. He can open his own restaurant. (so that)

=> ___________________________________________________________

Answer:

1. He left school with no academic qualifications. He found a well-paid job. (although)

=> Although he left school with no academic qualifications, he found a well-paid job.

2. People learn English well. They will have a better chance of getting a job. (if)

=> If people learn English well, they will have a better chance of getting a job.

3. This job requires good language skills. It also requires communication skills. (not only ... but also)

=> This job requires not only good language skills but also communication skills.

4. My dad attended a cooking course. He can open his own restaurant. (so that)

=> My dad attended a cooking course, so that he can open his own restaurant.

2. Work in pairs. Add more clauses to the following sentences to make compound or complex sentences.

I want to become a doctor.

I admire teachers.

There are jobs that no longer exist.

Some jobs will be done by robots in the future.

Example:

I want to become a doctor because I want to help sick people.

Although my grades are not very good, I want to become a doctor.

Answer:

I want to become a doctor because I am passionate about helping others

I admire teachers because they dedicate their lives to educating and shaping future generations.

There are jobs that no longer exist, but new opportunities have arisen in emerging industries.

Some jobs will be done by robots in the future, so workers need to adapt by learning new skills and staying current with technological trends.

III. READING

Job advertisements

1. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and discuss what you know about the jobs.

1. ________

Tech World Magazine Online is looking to fill two vacancies in its technology section.

We want people who understand electronic products and can communicate their opinions clearly.

We offer flexible working hours and a bonus based on the number of times people view, share, and comment on your reviews.

Contact us at info@techworldmagazine.com

2. ________

Heart-to-Heart Organisation is looking for four people to help at charity events.

You will be greeting and talking to guests, and sorting donations.

You need to be friendly, polite, and willing to work at weekends.

This is an unpaid role, but a great opportunity to develop new skills and make friends.

To apply, please call 09894653462 or email us at hearttoheart@webmail.com

3. ________

We are looking for hard-working people to join our team, welcoming customers and arranging window displays.

You will need to work from Mon - Fri, 9 a.m. - 6 p.m.

No experience is required. On-the-job training is given to all employees.

We offer an hourly wage plus additional benefits such as free meals and overtime pay.

Apply in person at TH Fashion, 32 Tran Hung Dao, Mon - Wed, 10 a.m. - 2 p.m. Ask for Mrs Lan.

4. ________

The English department at Ha Noi School currently has five part-time vacancies open. Main responsibilities:

• Supervising classroom activities

• Supporting teachers

• Checking attendance

Requirements:

• Excellent English skills

• Must be responsible, enthusiastic, and organized

Successful applicants will be required to work 20 hours per week.

If you're interested, send your application to recruiting@hnschool.com

5. ________

Are you looking for casual work? We need someone to take care of a two-year-old child every morning from Monday to Friday. The perfect candidate should be responsible, reliable, good with young children and preferably female.

To apply, call Ms Lam on 0989364731.

Answer:

From these pictures, I can guess who to work with, where to work and what to do in these jobs.

• Teaching: The first image shows a classroom setting with a teacher and students. Teachers play a crucial role in educating and shaping the minds of children and young adults. They prepare lesson plans, teach various subjects, assess student progress, and provide guidance and support to help students achieve their full potential.

• Retail: The second image appears to show a retail setting where a customer is interacting with a salesperson. Retail workers assist customers with purchases, provide information about products, handle transactions, and ensure the store is well-stocked and organized. They need good communication skills and a friendly attitude to offer excellent customer service.

• Content Creation: The third image seems to depict someone creating content, possibly for social media or a video-sharing platform. Content creators produce engaging material, such as videos, blogs, or social media posts, to share with their audience. They need to be creative, understand their audience, and be proficient in using various digital tools and platforms.

• Childcare: The fourth image shows an adult interacting with a child, likely in a childcare or early education setting. Childcare providers take care of young children, ensuring their safety and promoting their physical, emotional, and educational development. They often engage children in activities that stimulate their learning and social skills.

• Volunteering: The fifth image depicts a group of people working outdoors, possibly involved in tree planting or community service activities. Volunteers contribute their time and effort without financial compensation to support various causes, such as environmental conservation, helping the needy, or improving community infrastructure

2. Read the adverts and choose the correct meanings of the highlighted words and phrase.

1. vacancies

A. jobs which are available for someone to do

B. all the jobs in a company

2. flexible

A. able to change quickly according to the situation

B. able to stick to the chosen job

3. reviews

A. articles expressing opinions about new products, books, films, etc.

B. the act of reading materials to prepare for an exam

4. on-the-job training

A. the work experience you need to get a job

B. teaching employees how to do a job at their workplace

5. casual

A. not regular, for a short period of time

B. permanent, long-term

Answer:

1. A - vacancies - jobs which are available for someone to do

2. A - flexible - able to change quickly according to the situation

3. A - reviews - articles expressing opinions about new products, books, films, etc.

4. B - on-the-job training - teaching employees how to do a job at their workplace

5. A - casual - not regular, for a short period of time

3. Read the adverts again and choose the most suitable headline for each one.

A. Shop assistants wanted

B. Volunteers needed

C. Job vacancies: Teaching assistants

D. Babysitter wanted

E. Want to be a product reviewer?

Answer:

1 - E. Want to be a product reviewer?

2 - B. Volunteers needed

3 - A. Shop assistants wanted

4 - C. Job vacancies: Teaching assistants

5 - D. Babysitter wanted

4. Read the adverts again and decide which job is most suitable for the following people. Write 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

Answer:

a. 3 - A person without any knowledge or skills for the job. (Because the text mentions “No experience is required”)

b. 5 - A woman who loves playing with kids and helping them grow. (Because the text mentions “The perfect candidate should be responsible, reliable, good with young children and preferably female.”)

c. 2 - A person who is available to do unpaid work on Saturdays and Sundays (Because the text mentions “You need to be friendly, polite, and willing to work at weekends.”)

d. 4 - A person who speaks English extremely well. (Because the text mentions “ Excellent English skills”)

e. 1 - A person who is interested in technology and can express his/her opinions well (Because the text mentions “We want people who understand electronic products and can communicate their opinions clearly.”)

5. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

Which of the jobs in the adverts do you find the most interesting? Why?

Answer:

In my opinion, volunteering stands out as an especially interesting job due to its impactful and fulfilling nature. It offers a chance to make a tangible difference in communities or causes, providing personal satisfaction. The variety and flexibility of roles allow individuals to choose activities that align with their interests and schedules. Volunteering helps develop valuable skills, fosters new friendships, and promotes physical and mental well-being. Moreover, volunteers contribute to social change, addressing issues like poverty and environmental degradation. Overall, volunteering combines personal growth with meaningful impact, making it a rewarding and enriching experience.

IV. SPEAKING

Giving opinions about different jobs

1. Read the descriptions of the following jobs. What do you think about each job? Write the adjectives that describe the nature of the job in the table. Use the words in the box to help you.

Answer:

- Being a teaching assistant is a valuable role that provides the opportunity to directly impact students' educational experiences. It can be very rewarding to support teachers and help students learn, while also being interesting and fun due to the dynamic nature of classroom activities

- Volunteering at events can be highly exciting and fulfilling, offering a sense of importance as you contribute to successful events and charitable activities. The job is challenging due to the need for effective communication and organization, but the rewards of helping others and being part of meaningful events make it worthwhile.

- Being a product reviewer is exciting because it involves testing new products and sharing insights. However, it can be lonely since much of the work is done independently. It is also demanding, requiring attention to detail and the ability to write comprehensive and engaging reviews.

- Working as a shop assistant can sometimes feel monotonous and physically tiring due to repetitive tasks and long hours. However, it is also rewarding to help customers find what they need and ensure a positive shopping experience, contributing to the success of the store.

- Babysitting can be repetitive and stressful due to the constant attention required to ensure children's safety and well-being. Despite these challenges, it is also an exciting job that allows for playful interactions with children and the satisfaction of providing essential support to parents.

2. Work in pairs. Talk about the jobs in 1 using the adjectives. Compare your answers and explain your opinions and feelings.

Example:

A: I think working as a teaching assistant is a very rewarding job. I can help students who have questions or need encouragement during the lesson.

B: I agree, but it seems like a challenging job. You'll have to be patient and explain the same thing over and over again. It can get very repetitive. Personally, I'd rather be an event volunteer.

A: Why? You won't even get paid for that.

B: I know, but I'll meet interesting people and learn important skills like communication and time management. Besides, volunteer experience can help me find a better job later on.

A: Oh, I get it.

Answer:

A: I think working as a teaching assistant is a very rewarding job. You get to help students and support teachers, making a real difference in the classroom.

B: I agree, but it can also be quite challenging. You need a lot of patience to supervise and explain things repeatedly. Sometimes it might get repetitive.

A: That's true, but it can also be really fun to interact with the students. What do you think about being an event volunteer?

B: I find it exciting and important. You get to meet new people and contribute to successful events. It's also rewarding because you're helping a cause.

A: But it can be challenging too, right? Greeting guests and sorting donations can be a lot of work.

B: Yes, it is challenging, but I think the skills you gain, like communication and organization, are valuable. Plus, volunteering can lead to better job opportunities in the future.

A: I see your point. What about being a product reviewer? It sounds exciting to test new products.

B: It does, but it can also be lonely and demanding. Writing detailed reviews requires a lot of effort and attention to detail.

A: That's true. Working as a shop assistant seems more straightforward, though. Welcoming customers and arranging displays could be rewarding.

B: It can be, but it might also get boring and tiring with repetitive tasks and long hours. I think babysitting is similar in that way—exciting but also stressful and repetitive.

A: I agree. Babysitting requires a lot of energy and can be stressful, but playing with children and ensuring their safety is very fulfilling. Every job has its pros and cons, I guess.

B: Definitely. It's all about finding what suits your interests and strengths the best.

3. Work in groups. Compare your answers in 1 and 2, and report to the whole class. Use the questions below as cues.

- Which is the most common adjective to describe each job in the table?

- Which job do most people in your group like/dislike?

- What are the most common reasons?

Answer:

- Which is the most common adjective to describe each job in the table?

• From this comparison, "rewarding" and “exciting” seem to be the most common adjectives used across different job roles. I think it depends on the interest and opinion of each person.

- Which job do most people in your group like/dislike?

• It seems that the Product Reviewer and Shop Assistant roles might be more likely to be disliked by some individuals due to factors like loneliness, demanding nature, boredom, and fatigue.

- What are the most common reasons?

• Teaching Assistant: Enjoyment from helping students and supporting teachers, despite challenges like patience and repetition.

• Event Volunteer: Excitement from meeting new people, contributing to events, and feeling rewarded by helping a cause. Challenges include the workload of greeting guests and sorting donations.

• Product Reviewer: Excitement from testing new products, but challenges include loneliness and the demanding nature of writing detailed reviews.

• Shop Assistant: Enjoyment from customer interaction and arranging displays, but challenges include potential boredom and tiredness from repetitive tasks and long hours.

• Babysitter: Enjoyment from playing with children and ensuring their safety, but challenges include the stress and repetitive nature of the job.

=> These reasons reflect the balance between enjoyment and challenges that each job brings, highlighting that personal preferences and skills play a significant role in determining job satisfaction.

V. LISTENING

Enquiry about a job vacancy

1. Choose the correct meanings of the underlined words and phrases.

1. I hope the job will not interfere with my performance at school.

A. prevent something from succeeding

B. try to influence a situation

2. The server was standing next to our table, ready to take our order.

A. the way in which things are arranged

B. a request for food or drinks in a restaurant

3. The man paid the bill and left the restaurant.

A. a piece of paper that tells you how much you must pay

B. a list of all the food and drinks you have had at a restaurant

4. She waited on tables at the local café to support herself at university.

A. served food or drinks, especially to customers in a café or restaurant

B. cleaned the tables in a café or restaurant

Answer:

1. B

I hope the job will not interfere with my performance at school. - (Tôi hy vọng công việc sẽ không ảnh hưởng đến kết quả học tập của tôi ở trường.)

A. prevent something from succeeding (ngăn chặn điều gì đó thành công)

B. try to influence a situation (cố gắng gây ảnh hưởng đến một tình huống)

2. B

The server was standing next to our table, ready to take our order - (Người phục vụ đang đứng cạnh bàn của chúng tôi, sẵn sàng nhận đơn đặt hàng của chúng tôi.)

A. the way in which things are arranged (cách thức mà mọi thứ được sắp xếp)

B. a request for food or drinks in a restaurant (yêu cầu đồ ăn hoặc đồ uống trong nhà hàng)

3. A

The man paid the bill and left the restaurant. - (Người đàn ông thanh toán hóa đơn và rời khỏi nhà hàng.)

A. a piece of paper that tells you how much you must pay (một mảnh giấy cho bạn biết bạn phải trả bao nhiêu)

B. a list of all the food and drinks you have had at a restaurant (danh sách tất cả đồ ăn và đồ uống bạn đã dùng ở nhà hàng)

4. A

She waited on tables at the local café to support herself at university. - (Cô ấy làm bồi bàn ở quán cà phê địa phương để trang trải chi phí học đại học.)

A. served food or drinks, especially to customers in a café or restaurant (phục vụ đồ ăn hoặc đồ uống, đặc biệt là cho khách hàng trong quán cà phê hoặc nhà hàng)

B. cleaned the tables in a café or restaurant (dọn bàn trong quán cà phê hoặc nhà hàng)

2. Listen to a conversation between Mark and a restaurant manager, and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).

Answer:

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. Listen to the conversation again and complete the notes. Use no more than TWO words for each gap.

Answer:

……………………………………………………………………………………

4. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

According to what you hear, what qualities and skills are required as a server? Are they useful for any other jobs?

Answer:

……………………………………………………………………………………

VI. WRITING

A job application letter

1. Read the job application letter for a part-time server below. Label the communicative functions (1-4) with the phrases in the box.

WE'RE HIRING!

Viet Organic Garden is hiring a part-time server and a part-time receptionist.

We are looking for hard-working people who can work at weekends.

Please send your letter of application to vietorganicgarden@webmail.com.

8181 Truong Chinh Road, Dong Da District, Ha Noi

Viet Organic Garden

1036 Hang Dau Street, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi

Ha Noi, 14 October, 20...

Dear Sir or Madam,

Re: Application for the position of a part-time server

I am writing to apply for the position of a part-time server, which you advertised on your website on 10 October. I believe having a part-time job is a great opportunity to learn valuable skills.

I am in my final year of secondary school. I have some experience in the hospitality industry. Last summer, I waited on tables for two months at a fast-food restaurant. My responsibilities included greeting customers and taking their orders. I also served food and drinks, answered questions about the menu, and made sure all customers enjoyed their meals.

I am a friendly, hard-working, and caring person with a love for people and good food. I can also speak English, so I can wait on foreign customers.

I would be delighted to meet you in person to discuss my application. I will be free for an interview any afternoon during the week. I have attached my CV for reference. If my application is successful, I will be available to start work after 24 October.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

An

Nguyen Van An

Answer:

1. A. Reason for writing (Lý do viết)

2. D. Relevant experience (Kinh nghiệm liên quan)

3. B. Relevant qualities and skills (Phẩm chất và kỹ năng liên quan)

4. C. Other relevant information (Các thông tin liên quan khác)

2. Write a letter (150-180 words) applying for the position of a part-time receptionist. Use the model and tips in 1, and the suggestions below to help you.

2222 Nguyen Trai Road, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi

1036 Hang Dau Street, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi

16 July, 20...

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to apply for...

I am... Last summer, ...

I consider myself.../I am...

I would be delighted to …

I am available for an interview on ...

If my application is successful, I will be able to start work ...

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Yours faithfully,

Answer:

2222 Nguyen Trai Road, Thanh Xuan District, Ha Noi

16 July, 2024

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am writing to apply for the position of a part-time receptionist, which you advertised on your website on 14 July. I believe my skills and experiences make me a suitable candidate for this role.

I am currently a student pursuing my Bachelor's degree in Hospitality Management at [Your University/College]. Last summer, I gained practical experience in customer service and administrative tasks during my internship at a local hotel. My responsibilities included handling guest inquiries, managing reservations, and ensuring efficient front desk operations.

I consider myself detail-oriented, organized, and proficient in communication. These qualities, coupled with my strong work ethic and ability to multitask effectively, align well with the requirements of a receptionist role.

I would be delighted to discuss how my background, skills, and enthusiasm for hospitality can contribute to your team. I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience. Please find my resume attached for your reference. If my application is successful, I am ready to start work immediately.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to further discuss my qualifications with you.

Yours faithfully,

[Your Full Name]

VII. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE/ CLIL

Everyday language

Expressing anxiety and responding to it

1. Listen and complete the conversations with the expressions in the box. Then practice them in pairs.

Answer:

……………………………………………………………………………………

2. Work in pairs. Use the models in 1 to make similar conversations for these situations. One of you is A, the other is B. Use the expressions below to help you.

1. A is worrying about his/her first day at work as a teaching assistant. B is comforting him/her.

2. B is a new part-time employee of a company. He/She is worrying about having sent the email to the wrong customer. A is his/her colleague. She is comforting him/her.

Answer:

Conversation 1: A is worrying about his/her first day at work as a teaching assistant. B is comforting him/her.

A: (Expressing anxiety) I'm really worried about my first day as a teaching assistant tomorrow. I can't concentrate on anything right now.

B: (Responding) Stop worrying about it. You'll be fine! Teaching assistants often feel nervous at first, but once you get started, you'll see it's not as daunting as it seems.

A: I couldn't sleep last night. What if I make a mistake during the class activities?

B: Don't stress over every little detail. Everyone makes mistakes, especially at the beginning. Just remember, you're there to support the teacher and help the students. You've got nothing to worry about.

A: Thanks, I needed to hear that. I'll give it my best shot and see how it goes.

B: Exactly! Just stay positive and be yourself. You'll do great.

Conversation 2: B is a new part-time employee of a company. He/She is worrying about having sent the email to the wrong customer. A is his/her colleague. She is comforting him/her.

B: (Expressing anxiety) I'm really nervous about that email I just sent. I think I might have sent it to the wrong customer. I can't stop thinking about it.

A: (Responding) It's okay, mistakes happen. Did you double-check the recipient's email address before sending it?

B: I did, but now I'm second-guessing myself. What if it goes to the wrong person and causes confusion?

A: Don't panic. If you realize it was sent to the wrong person, you can always send a follow-up email clarifying the situation. It's not the end of the world.

B: I hope so. I just want to make a good impression, especially since I'm new here.

A: Everyone understands that mistakes can happen, especially when you're new. Just take a deep breath and focus on the next task. You've got nothing to worry about.

B: Thanks for reassuring me. I'll be more careful next time.

A: You're welcome! We've all been there. You'll get the hang of things soon enough.

Culture

1. Read the texts and answer the questions.

UNUSUAL JOBS

Around the world, there are some jobs that may seem quite strange and surprising to you.

Train pushers

In Japan, the railway system is huge and everyone there uses trains. This makes them overcrowded most of the time. During rush hour, railway station attendants called 'pushers' or 'oshiya' do the strangest job in the world - they push passengers into trains. They have to do this because of the large number of commuters who wish to arrive at their desired locations on time. That's why they must endure the pain in squeezing themselves inside the train.

Cleaners of the world's highest building

Have you ever wondered how the world's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, in Dubai, is cleaned? It takes a team of 36 window cleaners a total of three months to clean the tower's reflective windows. Working from the height of more than 800 metres, the cleaners face huge challenges especially during bad weather. They must be the bravest cleaners in the world.

Golf balls divers

Every year in the UK, millions of golf balls get lost in the water around golf courses. This gave rise to the demand for golf ball divers whose job is to dive deep into the lakes and ponds around golf courses to find the lost balls. Most of them are professional scuba divers, but they spend long hours crawling around in mud and carrying heavy buckets. On average, they find 5,000 balls per lake. After cleaning them, they resell or recycle the balls. Sounds dangerous, doesn't it?

Which job...

1. requires bravery and no fear of heights?

2. helps people to be on time?

3. requires good diving skills?

Answer:

1. Cleaners of the world's highest building require bravery and no fear of heights. (Because the text mentions “Working from the height of more than 800 meters, the cleaners face huge challenges especially during bad weather. They must be the bravest cleaners in the world.”)

2. Train pushers help people to be on time. (Because the text mentions “They have to do this because of the large number of commuters who wish to arrive at their desired locations on time. That's why they must endure the pain in squeezing themselves inside the train.)

3. Golf ball divers require good diving skills. (Because the text mentions “This gave rise to the demand for golf ball divers whose job is to dive deep into the lakes and ponds around golf courses to find the lost balls.”)

2. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

Which job do you find most interesting and why? Do you know any other unusual jobs around the world?

Answer:

- In my opinion, train pushers in Japan is the most interesting jobs.The concept of train pushers or 'oshiya' is fascinating because it directly addresses the unique challenge of overcrowded trains during rush hours in Japan. The efficiency and punctuality of Japan's railway system are world-renowned, and train pushers play a crucial role in ensuring that trains are fully utilized while maintaining safety. The physical act of pushing passengers into packed trains might seem unusual and even uncomfortable, but it's a practical solution to a logistical problem.

- Some unusual jobs

• Professional mourners: In some cultures, particularly in parts of Africa and Asia, there are professional mourners who are hired to attend funerals and grieve loudly. Their role is to ensure that the deceased person receives a proper farewell with an emotional send-off.

• Iceberg movers: In Canada, there have been instances where icebergs floating close to oil platforms or shipping routes pose a danger. Iceberg movers are tasked with towing or pushing these massive icebergs away from the paths of ships or platforms to prevent collisions.

• Snake Milker: In many parts of the world, especially in regions with venomous snakes, there are professionals known as snake milkers. Their job involves extracting venom from snakes, which is then used for medical research, antivenom production, and pharmaceuticals.

VIII. LOOKING BACK

Pronunciation

Read the conversations and underline the stressed auxiliary and modal verbs. Listen and check. Then practise saying the sentences in pairs.

1.

A: Have you started working for the new company?

B: Yes, I have. I started last week.

2.

A: Can people with no experience apply for this job?

B: Yes, they can. We provide on-the-job training.

3.

A: Do you like your job?

B: Yes, I do. I wasn't interested in the job at first, but I'm quite interested in it now.

4.

A: You haven't sent the email to the customer.

B: I have.

Answer:

A: Have you started working for the new company? - (Bạn đã bắt đầu làm việc cho công ty mới chưa?)

B: Yes, I have. I started last week. - (Vâng, tôi đang. Tôi đã bắt đầu vào tuần trước.)

2.

A: Can people with no experience apply for this job? - (Người chưa có kinh nghiệm có thể ứng tuyển vào công việc này không?)

B: Yes, they can. We provide on-the-job training. - (Vâng, họ có thể. Chúng tôi cung cấp đào tạo tại chỗ.)

3.

A: Do you like your job? - (Bạn có thích công việc của mình không?)

B: Yes, I do. I wasn't interested in the job at first, but I'm quite interested in it now.- (Có chứ. Lúc đầu tôi không hứng thú với công việc này nhưng bây giờ tôi khá hứng thú với nó.)

4.

A: You haven't sent the email to the customer. - (Bạn chưa gửi email cho khách hàng.)

B: I have. (Tôi đã gửi nó rồi)

VOCABULARY

Choose the correct words to complete these sentences.

1. I have some flexible/relevant information for the job you're looking for.

2. You have to improve your communication skills if you want to be employed/applied in the hospitality industry.

3. The company will give you a bonus/wage for your good performance at work.

4. Physically challenging/interesting jobs can allow you to exercise while you work.

Answer:

1. relevant - I have some relevant information for the job you're looking for.

Explanation: "Relevant" means directly related or pertinent to the subject or matter at hand.

2. employed - You have to improve your communication skills if you want to be employed in the hospitality industry.

Explanation: "Employed" is the correct word here, indicating being hired or getting a job.

3. bonus - The company will give you a bonus for your good performance at work.

Explanation: "Bonus" refers to an additional payment or reward given for good performance.

4. challenging - Physically challenging jobs can allow you to exercise while you work.

Explanation: "Physically challenging" describes jobs that require physical effort and exertion.

GRAMMAR

Circle the mistake in each sentence. Then correct it.

1. Despite my grandfather has retired, he still works as a volunteer teacher in the

A B C D

local school.

2. I quitted my previous job so it was so tiring.

A B C D

3. I decided to join the English club such that I can practice my English more

A B C D

frequently.

4. The job will give you not only a good salary but a good chance for

A B C

promotion.

D

Answer:

1. A

Although my grandfather has retired, he still works as a volunteer teacher in the local school. - (Mặc dù ông tôi đã nghỉ hưu nhưng ông vẫn làm giáo viên tình nguyện ở một trường học ở địa phương.)

Explanation: Structure: Although + mệnh đề, despite + V-ing/N

2. C

I quitted my previous job because it was so tiring. - (Tôi đã bỏ công việc trước đây vì nó rất mệt mỏi.)

Explanation: because (bởi vì) >< so (vì vậy)

3. B

I decided to join the English club so that I can practise my English more frequently.- (Tôi quyết định tham gia câu lạc bộ Tiếng Anh để có thể luyện tập tiếng Anh thường xuyên hơn.)

Explanation: so that + S + V: để mà => chỉ mục đích

4. C

The job will give you not only a good salary but also a good chance for promotion. - (Công việc này không chỉ mang lại cho bạn mức lương tốt mà còn có cơ hội thăng tiến tốt.)

Explanation: Structure “not only…but also” (không những… mà còn…)

PROJECT

Student part-time jobs

Work in groups. Think of suitable and useful jobs that students can do while studying at school or university. Use these questions as cues for your presentation.

- What is the job?

- What are the main responsibilities of the job?

- What qualities and skills do you need to do the job?

- What are the benefits of having this job?

Answer:

- Tutor

• Job: Providing tutoring services to other students in subjects you excel in.

• Responsibilities: Helping students understand difficult concepts, reviewing homework assignments, preparing study materials, and conducting practice tests.

• Qualities and Skills: Strong knowledge in specific subjects, patience, good communication skills, and the ability to explain concepts clearly.

• Benefits: Enhances your own understanding of the subjects you tutor, improves communication and teaching skills, provides a flexible work schedule, and earns extra income.

- Campus Ambassador

• Job: Representing and promoting your university or specific programs to prospective students or visitors.

• Responsibilities: Giving campus tours, participating in recruitment events or fairs, answering inquiries from prospective students, and promoting university events or initiatives.

• Qualities and Skills: Strong communication skills, enthusiasm for your university, knowledge of campus resources and programs, and ability to engage with diverse audiences.

• Benefits: Leadership and public speaking experience, networking with university staff and prospective students, enhancing your communication skills, and potential compensation or perks from the university.