UNIT 9: Career paths

I. GETTING STARTED

Q A with a career adviser

1. Listen and read.

Mr Kien: ... So, I've talked to you about future job opportunities. I hope you'll continue to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. Have you got any questions?

Nam: Yes, do you think we need to have a university degree to pursue a career?

Mr Kien: Well, it depends on the industry and the field of work that you're interested in. There're many jobs that don't require a university degree. For example, you may consider becoming a flight attendant, car mechanic, or repair worker.

Nam: But how do you get a job without a degree or any experience? Employers look down on job applicants without a university degree.

Mr Kien: No, they don't. You need to show that you're hard-working and willing to learn. Many companies hire school-leavers and provide on-the-job training.

Mai: So, when do you think we should start thinking about our careers?

Mr Kien: Well, the sooner, the better. However, the best time is when you start senior secondary school.

Mai: I read that AI will replace many workers in the future. How do I make sure that the job I choose won't be taken over by a robot?

Mr Kien: That's a good question. Many factory jobs and jobs in customer service have already become automated. As AI continues to develop, more human employees may be replaced. That's why It's important to choose jobs that involve a high level of human interaction, critical thinking, and decision-making.

Nam: So, are these the most important job skills we'll need in the future?

Mr Kien: That's right! No matter what career you may consider, you'll need these skills. Good communication and teamwork will always be in demand. These soft skills will help you adapt to changes and come up with solutions to challenging problems.

Nam: Thank you very much for your answers.

2. Read the conversation again. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).

Answer:

1. F (The text mentions “There're many jobs that don't require a university degree.”)

2. T (The text mentions “For example, you may consider becoming a flight attendant, car mechanic, or repair worker.”)

3. F

The text mentions “However, the best time is when you start senior secondary school.”

4. T (The text mentions “These soft skills will help you adapt to changes and come up with solutions to challenging problems.”)

3. Find words and phrases in 1 with the following meanings.

1. p________: to try to achieve something over a period of time

2. a________: done by machines or computers

3. i________ d________: wanted by a lot of people

4. s________ s________: personal qualities that enable you to communicate well with other people

5. a________: to change your behaviour in order to be more successful in a new situation

Answer:

1. pursue: to try to achieve something over a period of time

2. automated: done by machines or computers

3. in demand: wanted by a lot of people

4. soft skills: personal qualities that enable you to communicate well with other people

5. adapt: to change your behaviour in order to be more successful in a new situation

4. Complete the text using phrasal verbs from the conversation in 1.

The career adviser hopes that students will continue to (1) _______ the rapid changes in the job market. He assures Nam that employers don't (2) _______ people without a university degree. The adviser also tells students to develop soft skills, which can help them (3) _______ solutions to challenging problems in the workplace.

Answer:

(1) keep up with - The career adviser hopes that students will continue to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market

(2) look down on - He assures Nam that employers don't look down on people without a university degree.

(3) come up with - The adviser also tells students to develop soft skills, which can help them come up with solutions to challenging problems in the workplace.

II. LANGUAGE

PRONUNCIATION

Sentence stress and rhythm

1. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the sentence stress and rhythm.

1. It depends on the industry and the field of work that you're interested in.

2. There're many jobs that don't require a university degree.

3. These soft skills will help you adapt to changes and come up with solutions to challenging problems.

Answer:

Học sinh nghe băng và lặp lại theo băng. Tập trung vào các từ được gạch chân để nhấn trọng âm và nhịp điệu của câu

2. Underline the stressed words in the sentences. Listen and check. Then practise saying the sentences with a natural rhythm.

1. I'd like to apply for the position of Assistant Teacher.

2. We've received a lot of application letters.

3. We've chosen the best applicants to interview.

4. Successful applicants will start work in the new office.

Answer:

1. I'd like to apply for the position of Assistant Teacher.

2. We've received a lot of application letters.

3. We've chosen the bestapplicants to interview.

4. Successful applicants will start work in the new office.

VOCABULARY

Choosing a career path

1. Match the words/phrase (1-5) with the phrases (a-e) to make phrases with the meanings below.

Answer:

1 - c. have an outgoing personality: like to talk to people

2 - d. develop soft skills: build abilities to communicate with others and work well

3 - a. deal with stressful situations: manage difficult situations

4 - e. gain work experience: get experience of a particular job

5 - b. pursue one's passion for: keep a very strong feeling of liking something

2. Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the phrases in 1.

1. She left her current job in order to _______ music.

2. I have earned some money and _______ from my previous part-time jobs.

3. If you _______, it will be an advantage when you apply for this job.

4. In addition to technical knowledge, you also need to _______ such as communication and teamwork skills.

5. Your working environment may not always be pleasant. Sometimes, you have to _______.

Answer:

1. pursue her passion - She left her current job in order to pursue her passion for music.

2. gained work experience - I have earned some money and gained work experience from my previous part-time jobs.

3. have an outgoing personality - If you have an outgoing personality, it will be an advantage when you apply for this job.

4. develop soft skills - In addition to technical knowledge, you also need to develop soft skills such as communication and teamwork skills.

5. deal with stressful situations - Your working environment may not always be pleasant. Sometimes, you have to deal with stressful situations.

GRAMMAR

Three-word phrasal verbs

1. Match the verbs in 1-4 with the adverbs (a-d) and the prepositions in A-D to make complete sentences.

Answer:

1. d, C - I have tried to contact the employment agency several times, but I haven't been able to get through to anyone.

2. a, D - After graduating from a medical school, my father had to work very hard to keep up with medical knowledge.

3. b, A - I have sent them my CV and application letter. Now, I'm looking forward to hearing from them.

4. c, B - As the factory gets more automated, its management plans to cut down on staff.

2. Work in pairs. Make true sentences about the career path of someone you know, using three-word phrasal verbs.

Example:

My eldest sister is very good at English, and my parents wanted her to become a teacher of English. However, she didn't live up to my parents' expectations. Instead, she went in for a game design competition and became a game designer.

Answer:

1. Despite initial doubts from family and friends, my cousin always had a passion for art. Over time, she dedicated herself to honing her skills and exploring various artistic styles. Eventually, she managed to live up to her potential and became a successful painter, exhibiting her work in galleries around the world.

2. Throughout her career in a demanding corporate job, my friend had to put up with long hours, stressful deadlines, and office politics. Despite these challenges, she never lost sight of her entrepreneurial aspirations. Finally, she made the bold decision to go in for entrepreneurship, leveraging her experience to launch a successful tech startup that revolutionized digital marketing solutions.

3. From a young age, my uncle displayed a natural affinity for numbers and a keen interest in finance. After completing his education, he embarked on a career in banking, where he worked tirelessly to keep up with the dynamic financial markets. His dedication paid off, as he rose through the ranks to become a respected financial analyst, known for his insightful market predictions and strategic investment advice.

4. Despite facing skepticism and occasional criticism from relatives who looked down on his passion for music, my brother remained steadfast in pursuing his dream. He immersed himself in music theory, practiced diligently, and collaborated with fellow musicians to refine his craft. Over time, his talent and perseverance paid off, leading him to become a renowned musician with a dedicated fan base and numerous successful albums to his name.

III. READING

Future career choices

1. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

1. What are your career plans?

2. What do you need to do to prepare for your future career?

Answer:

1. Personally, I want to pursue a career in data science and analytics. I am fascinated by the power of data-driven insights to solve complex problems and drive decision-making across various industries. My goal is to work in a dynamic environment where I can apply statistical analysis and machine learning techniques to derive meaningful conclusions from data. Ultimately, I aim to contribute to innovative projects that have a positive impact on businesses and society.

2. I think continuous learning and skill development are crucial to prepare for a career in data science. I plan to strengthen my programming skills in languages like Python and R, as well as deepen my understanding of statistical methods and machine learning algorithms. Practical experience through internships or projects will also be important to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios. Networking with professionals in the field and staying updated with industry trends and advancements will help me stay competitive. Additionally, I believe in the importance of developing soft skills such as communication, problem-solving, and critical thinking, which are essential for collaborating effectively in multidisciplinary teams and conveying insights derived from data to non-technical stakeholders.

2. Read the article. Circle the words or phrases with the closest meaning to the highlighted words or phrase.

Career experts' advice

Our Teen Talk magazine has recently received a lot of questions from secondary school students asking about things they should consider when choosing their careers. We've talked to our career experts, and here is their advice.

A. ________

First, learn about yourself and discover your personality type, beliefs, soft skills, and interests. For example, if you are passionate about working with people and helping them develop, you may consider becoming a social worker or a teacher. If you are interested in learning languages, history, art, and architecture, you might look at jobs in the tourist industry. Spend time thinking about what you want to do, and list what you are good at. This can help you come up with a career path that matches your personality.

B. ________

Next, you should take into account any career qualifications you may need. Many jobs require formal education at a university or college. In order to work as a doctor, for example, you will need to study at medical school for some years of general medical training, followed by several years of specialty training. But there are also jobs that don't require any formal qualifications. You can be hired as a server or a barista in a coffee shop, for instance, and you will be given on-the-job training.

C. ________

You should also consider your chances of being hired. Some fields of work may offer very few positions. With technology developing at a fast pace, some jobs such as cashiers and travel agents may become automated or obsolete. However, other jobs are on the rise. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists, for instance, are in great demand because of aging populations and increased life expectancy. That is why before you make a decision, you should carefully examine the opportunities that a career path may provide.

1. passionate

A. having strong feelings of enthusiasm for something

B. showing happiness and excitement about something

2. take into account

A. describe

B. consider

3. specialty

A. the subject of study that someone knows a lot about

B. the typical food that a restaurant is famous for

4. barista

A. an owner of a coffee shop

B. a person who serves in a coffee shop

5. obsolete

A. updated

B. out of date

Answer:

1. A

passionate (n): đam mê

= A. having strong feelings of enthusiasm for something - (có cảm giác nhiệt tình mạnh mẽ đối với điều gì đó)

2. B

take into account (idiom): chú ý đến

= B. consider (xem xét)

3. A

specialty (n): chuyên khoa

= A. the subject of study that someone knows a lot about- (chủ đề nghiên cứu mà ai đó biết rất nhiều)

4. B

barista (n): nhân viên pha chế

= B. a person who serves in a coffee shop (người phục vụ trong quán cà phê

5. B

obsolete (adj): lỗi thời

= B. out of date (lỗi thời)

3. Read the article again. Match each section (A-C) with a heading (1-4). There is ONE extra heading.

1. Think about employment opportunities

2. Ask the career experts for advice

3. Follow your passion and interests

4. Understand education requirements

Answer:

A - 3. Follow your passion and interests ( Because the texts mentions discovering your personality, interests, and what you're good at. It emphasizes following these aspects to find a career you're passionate about

B - 4. Understand education requirements (Because the paragraph specifically mentions jobs requiring qualifications like medical school and contrasts them with jobs with on-the-job training.)

C - 1. Think about employment opportunities (Because the paragraph discusses job availability and how some fields might have fewer positions due to automation. It highlights the importance of examining job opportunities before deciding on a career path.)

4. Read the article again and choose the correct answer A, B, or C.

1. How is the article organised?

A. Using a ‘cause and effect’ text structure.

B. Discussing similarities and differences.

C. Sorting information into themes and categories.

2. Why does the writer mention ‘a social worker or a teacher’ in Section A?

A. To illustrate jobs related to working with and helping people.

B. To prove that it will be easy to get these jobs in the future.

C. To show that more and more people want to work as social workers and teachers.

3. Why does the writer include the server and barista jobs in Section B?

A. To compare these jobs with the jobs that need formal training.

B. To give an example of jobs that don't require formal training.

C. To give additional examples of jobs that need formal training.

4. The author uses ‘However’ in Section C in order to ________.

A. explain why the jobs will become obsolete

B. show the consequences of increased life expectancy

C. introduce jobs that are in demand

Answer:

1. C. Sorting information into themes and categories.

( Because the article doesn't show a direct cause-and-effect relationship (A) or compare and contrast extensively (B). Instead, it presents different aspects to consider when choosing a career, such as interests, qualifications, and job availability.)

2. A. To illustrate jobs related to working with and helping people.

( Because the social worker and teacher examples (A) demonstrate careers that align with a passion for helping others, as mentioned in Section A. They're not necessarily the easiest options (B) or experiencing a surge in popularity (C).)

3. B. To give an example of jobs that don't require formal training.

( Because the server and barista jobs (B) provide a clear contrast to jobs like doctor that require formal education (Section B). These examples aren't meant for comparison (A) or further illustrating jobs with qualifications (C).)

4. C. introduce jobs that are in demand.

( Because the "However" introduces a contrasting point (C). After mentioning jobs with fewer opportunities, the author uses "However" to shift the focus to jobs like doctors, nurses, and pharmacists that are currently in high demand.)

5. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

What kind of job do you prefer: a job that requires formal education or a job that does not? Why?

Answer:

Personally, I prefer a job that requires formal education, such as a data scientist, for several reasons. Firstly, formal education in data science provides a structured approach to learning, ensuring I acquire a comprehensive understanding of fundamental concepts and theories related to data analysis, machine learning, and statistical modeling. This solid foundation is crucial for tackling complex data problems and advancing in my career. Additionally, having a formal education adds credibility and recognition to my qualifications, as degrees and certifications from reputable institutions serve as proof of my knowledge and skills to potential employers. Moreover, educational institutions offer valuable networking opportunities with professors, industry professionals, and peers, opening doors to internships, job opportunities, and collaborations. Access to various resources such as libraries, research facilities, and advanced technology further enhances my learning experience and provides tools for conducting experiments, projects, and research. Lastly, formal education instills a mindset of lifelong learning, keeping me updated with the latest advancements and trends in the field of data science. While hands-on experience and practical skills are also valuable, I believe that formal education best prepares me for a successful and fulfilling career as a data scientist.

IV. SPEAKING

Discussion on difference careers

1. Work in pairs. Use the given ideas to complete the information about the job of a tour guide.

To become a tour guide, you need to consider:

Answer:

1. C

2. D

3. A

4. B

2. Work in groups. Choose one of these jobs. Discuss and complete information about the job you choose.

To become a teacher of English/police officer/doctor, you need to consider:

Example:

A: Let's talk about the job of a doctor. What do you think we need to consider before we pursue this career?

B: Well, I think a doctor's personality is very important. You must be very kind and care for patients. You must have a passion for helping people.

Answer:

A: Let's talk about the job of a teacher of English. What do you think we need to consider before we pursue this career?

B: Well, I think a teacher's personality is very important. You must be very patient and empathetic to understand and respond to the needs of different students. You must also have a passion for the English language and a strong interest in education.

A: Definitely. What about skills and knowledge?

B: Strong communication skills are essential to explain concepts clearly and effectively. You also need a deep understanding of English grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, and literature to teach students properly.

A: Agreed. What kind of education and training do you think are necessary?

B: A bachelor's degree in English or Education is fundamental to acquire the necessary academic background. Additionally, obtaining a teaching certification or licensure is usually required to teach in most schools.

A: That's true. And what about employment opportunities?

B: There are opportunities in schools and universities where you can teach at different educational levels. There's also the option of working in private tutoring and language institutes, which can be quite rewarding.

A: It sounds like becoming a teacher of English involves a lot of dedication and preparation, but it can be a very fulfilling career.

3. Work in groups. Compare the job in 1 with your chosen job in 2. Discuss the similarities and differences, and decide which job you prefer and why. Report your group's answers to the class.

Answer:

Similarities:

• Communication Skills: Both jobs require strong communication skills to convey information effectively.

• Patience: Both roles need patience to deal with different types of people—tourists or students.

• Learning on the Job: Both professions involve continual learning and adapting to new information or teaching methods.

Differences:

• Education Requirements: A teacher of English typically requires a formal degree and certification, while a tour guide might not need a degree, but rather specific local knowledge and some training.

• Employment Stability: Teaching jobs tend to offer more stable, year-round employment, whereas tour guides may experience seasonal employment.

• Focus Areas: Tour guides focus on culture, history, and local knowledge, whereas English teachers focus on language and literature.

• Future Job Security: Tour guides face the risk of being replaced by robots, while teaching positions, especially those involving personal interaction, are less likely to be automated in the near future.

Conversation:

A: Comparing both jobs, which one do you prefer and why?

B: I prefer the job of a teacher of English because it offers more stable, year-round employment and the opportunity to make a long-term impact on students' lives. I also enjoy language and literature, and the idea of continuous learning and academic growth appeals to me.

A: I agree. While being a tour guide can be exciting and allows you to share your passion for culture and history, the seasonal nature of the job and potential for automation make it less appealing. The stability and fulfillment of teaching, along with the personal connections formed with students, make the teaching profession more attractive to me as well.

=> In conclusion, while both jobs have their unique benefits and challenges, we prefer the job of a teacher of English for its stability, educational impact, and alignment with our personal interests in language and literature.

V. LISTENING

Beginning a teaching career

1. Choose the correct meanings of the underlined words.

1. I like science because it is a fascinating subject.

A. extremely interesting

B. completely boring

2. Lots of university students work as tutors to help school children learn better.

A. teaching assistants

B. private teachers

3. People with a strong character are honest, responsible, and confident.

A. a set of personal qualities that makes someone different from others

B. a main actor or actress in a film that you admire a lot

4. You need to send in your CV and an application letter in order to apply for this job.

A. a letter showing your academic achievements

B. a written record of your education and the jobs you have done

Answer:

1. A

I like science because it is a fascinating subject. - (Tôi thích khoa học vì nó là một môn học hấp dẫn.)

= A. extremely interesting (cực kỳ thú vị)

2. B

Lots of university students work as tutors to help school children learn better. - (Rất nhiều sinh viên đại học làm gia sư để giúp học sinh học tập tốt hơn.)

= B. private teachers (giáo viên tư nhân)

3. A

People with a strong character are honest, responsible, and confident. - (Người có tính cách mạnh mẽ là người trung thực, có trách nhiệm và tự tin.)

= A. a set of personal qualities that makes someone different from others

(một tập hợp các phẩm chất cá nhân làm cho ai đó khác biệt với những người khác)

4. B

You need to send in your CV and an application letter in order to apply for this job. - (Bạn cần gửi CV và thư xin việc để ứng tuyển vào công việc này.)

= B. a written record of your education and the jobs you have done - (hồ sơ bằng văn bản về trình độ học vấn của bạn và công việc bạn đã làm)

2. Listen to a conversation between Mai Chi and her teacher, Ms Hoa. Put the information in the order you hear it.

Skills

Interests and hobbies

Work experience

- Education and qualifications

- (1) ___________________

- (2) ___________________

- (3) ___________________

- References

Answer:

……………………………………………………………………………………

3. Listen to the conversation again and choose the correct answer A, B, or C.

1. What is the conversation about?

A. How to qualify to teach in a school.

B. How to get a job as a home tutor.

C. How to become a good teacher.

2. What do you need to do before starting a teacher training course?

A. Get some teaching experience in the classroom.

B. Get a degree in a related subject.

C. Earn a teaching certificate.

3. Which of the skills are NOT mentioned by Ms Hoa?

A. Good communication and teamwork skills.

B. Understanding people's feelings.

C. Tutoring skills.

4. Why does Ms Hoa think reading is an important habit for teachers

A. It helps them learn new things.

B. It improves their communication skills.

C. It exercises the brain.

5. According to Ms Hoa, what does 'a reference' mean?

A. An application letter that gives additional information about someone's abilities.

B. A person who agrees to provide information about a job applicant.

C. A record of the things someone has learnt and done.

Answer:

……………………………………………………………………………………

4. Work in groups. Discuss the following questions.

Would you like to become a teacher? Why/Why not?

Answer:

A: Would you like to become a teacher?

B: Yes, I would like to become a teacher. I have always enjoyed helping others understand new concepts and find it rewarding to see students progress and succeed. Teaching allows me to share my passion for a subject and make a meaningful impact on young minds. Additionally, the stability and benefits of a teaching job are appealing.

A: That's a great perspective. For me, I’m not sure if teaching is the right path. While I do enjoy sharing knowledge, I find the administrative and disciplinary aspects of the job daunting. I prefer a more dynamic and less structured environment.

B: I understand. Teaching does come with its challenges, like managing diverse student needs and administrative tasks. However, I believe the rewards outweigh the difficulties. The opportunity to inspire and shape future generations is very fulfilling.

C: I have mixed feelings about becoming a teacher. On one hand, I love the idea of making a difference in students’ lives and contributing to their education. On the other hand, I’m concerned about the workload and the need to continuously adapt to new curricula and educational technologies.

A: That’s a valid concern. The educational landscape is always evolving, and teachers need to stay updated with new methods and tools. However, continuous learning can also be seen as a positive aspect, keeping the job interesting and engaging.

D: Personally, I wouldn’t want to become a teacher. I think it requires a specific kind of patience and dedication that I might not possess. I admire teachers for their commitment, but I see myself thriving better in a different profession, perhaps something more technical or research-oriented.

B: It’s true that teaching isn’t for everyone. It requires a lot of patience, empathy, and dedication. It’s important to choose a career that aligns with your strengths and interests.

A: Exactly. While teaching is a noble and rewarding profession, it’s crucial to assess if it matches your personal and professional goals. For those who are passionate about education and mentoring, it can be incredibly fulfilling.

=> Becoming a teacher is a personal decision that depends on individual strengths, interests, and career goals. While some find teaching rewarding due to the impact they can have on students' lives, others may prefer different professions that align more closely with their personal skills and interests. It’s important to weigh the pros and cons and choose a path that feels right for you.

VI. WRITING

Writing your CV

1. Work in pairs. Look at the following job advert and the CV of a student applying for the job. Match the headings in the box to the correct sections.

TEACHING ASSISTANTS NEEDED

- Do you have a passion for teaching children?

- Are you a good communicator?

- Are you interested in organising learning activities?

We need 10 volunteer teaching assistants to help at a summer camp for primary school students.

If this interests you, please send your CV to summercamp@webmail.com

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal details

Full name: Ha Ngoc Nguyen

Phone: 1112345

Email: ngocha@webmail.com

Personal statement

Enthusiastic and hard-working senior secondary school student, currently studying towards a school graduation diploma. Passionate about teaching and learning, with excellent organisation and communication skills. Eager to find a volunteer position to help me gain work experience and prepare for a career in teaching.

A. ________

Nguyen Hue Senior Secondary School, Ha Noi 20XX-present

Nquyen Trai Junior Secondary School, Ha Noi 20XX-20XX

Subjects and predicted grades: English – 9, Maths – 9.5, Literature – 8.5

Awards: Young Leaders Award, Ha Noi Outstanding Student Award

Extracurricular activities: Founding member of the school book club, conducting member surveys to choose reading materials and planning club meetings

B. ________

Childminder 20XX-present

- Supervise two children (aged 7 and 9) every Saturday while parents are away

- Help children do their homework and learn new concepts

Volunteer Tutor - Ha Noi Children's Village Jul - Sep 20XX

- Tutored children aged 8-12 in maths and English at the local orphanage for three months

- Helped teachers make learning materials

C. ________

Fluent English: IELTS score 5.5

Digital skills: Good understanding of common digital software and platforms, basic coding skills

Effective communication skills

Excellent organisation skills

D. ________

Singing, reading, photography

References

Available upon request

Answer:

A. 2. Education

B. 3. Work experience

C. 4. Skills

D. 1. Hobbies and interests

2. Look at the job advert in 1 again. Imagine that you also want to apply for the job. Write your own CV.

Answer

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal details

Full name: [Your Name]

Phone: [Your Phone Number]

Email: [Your Email Address]

Personal statement

Dedicated and motivated individual with a passion for teaching and learning. Currently a senior secondary school student with a strong academic record and extensive experience in tutoring and volunteer work. Eager to gain further experience in a teaching role to build a foundation for a future career in education. Possesses excellent communication, organizational, and digital skills.

A. Education

[Your Senior Secondary School], [City] 20XX-present

[Your Junior Secondary School], [City] 20XX-20XX

Subjects and predicted grades: English – [Your Grade], Maths – [Your Grade], Literature – [Your Grade]

Awards: [Any awards you have received]: prize for Student of 3 merits 2023

Extracurricular activities: [Any extracurricular activities, such as clubs or sports]: member of debate teams, volunteers…

B. Work experience

Volunteer Tutor - [Organization Name] [Month] - [Month] 20XX

Tutored children aged 8-12 in various subjects, including maths and English

Assisted teachers in creating and organizing learning materials

Provided individual support to students to help them grasp difficult concepts

Childminder 20XX-present

Supervise and care for two children (aged 7 and 9) every Saturday while parents are away

Assist children with homework and educational activities

Plan and engage children in fun, educational games and activities

C. Skills

Fluent in English: [Your English proficiency score, e.g., IELTS score 6.0]

Digital skills: Proficient with common digital software and platforms, basic coding skills

Effective communication skills: Strong ability to convey information clearly and effectively

Excellent organization skills: Proven ability to plan and manage time and resources efficiently

D. Hobbies and interests

Reading, playing musical instruments, volunteering, [Any other hobbies or interests you have]

References

Available upon request

VII. COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE/ CLIL

Everyday language

Asking for and giving clarification

1. Listen and complete the conversations with the expressions in the box. Then practise them in pairs.

1.

Mr Kien: The job application process can be challenging, so you must start preparing yourself.

Mai: Mr Kien, I'm not sure I understand the process. (1) _________ for me, please?

Mr Kien: Well, (2) _________, it means the steps you must follow when you apply for a job. First, you find a job vacancy, get your CV ready, and send it with an application letter. When you hear from the recruiter, prepare for the job interview. If you're successful, you'll be offered the job.

Mai: I see. Thank you, Mr Kien.

Mr Kien: You're welcome.

2.

Mark: Mai, have you got references in your CV?

Mai: I'm still confused about this section. (3) __________ what it should include?

Mark: Well, it should include names of teachers, career advisors, or former employers, (4) __________, people who can provide useful information about you.

Mai: Oh, I understand now. Thank you.

Answer:

1. C - Could you explain it - Mr Kien, I’m not sure I understand the process. Could you explain it for me, please?

2. B - to put it another way - Well, to put it another way, it means the steps you must follow when you apply for a job

3. A - Can you clarify - I’m still confused about this section. Can you clarify what it should include?

4. D - in other words - Well, it should include names of teachers, career advisors, or former employers, in other words, people who can provide useful information about you.

2. Work in pairs. Use the models in 1 to make similar conversations for these situations. One of you is A, the other is B. Use the expressions below to help you.

1. A is a Grade 12 student. B is a career adviser. B is explaining career path options. A is asking for clarification. B is giving clarification.

2. B is a new teaching assistant at a language centre. A has worked as a teaching assistant at the centre for several years. A is describing their job responsibilities. B is asking for clarification. A is giving clarification.

Answer:

Situation 1: A is a Grade 12 student. B is a career adviser. B is explaining career path options. A is asking for clarification. B is giving clarification.

A: I'm not sure I understand the different career path options available after high school. Could you clarify that for me?

B: Of course! To put it another way, you have several choices. You can go to university, attend a vocational school, start working immediately, or even take a gap year to figure out what you want to do.

A: What do you mean by a vocational school?

B: Let me clarify that. A vocational school provides practical and hands-on training for specific careers, like becoming a technician, a chef, or an electrician. It’s more focused on skills needed for a particular job.

A: I see. Thank you for explaining that.

B: You're welcome!

Situation 2: B is a new teaching assistant at a language center. A has worked as a teaching assistant at the center for several years. A is describing their job responsibilities. B is asking for clarification. A is giving clarification.

A: As a teaching assistant here, you’ll need to help prepare lesson materials, assist during classes, and provide support to students who need extra help.

B: Sorry, I’m confused about preparing lesson materials. Could you explain that again?

A: Sure! In other words, you’ll need to create handouts, organize activities, and sometimes prepare visual aids for the lessons. This helps the main teacher and enhances the students' learning experience.

B: I understand now. And what exactly does providing support to students involve?

A: What I mean is, you’ll offer one-on-one help to students who are struggling with certain topics, answer their questions, and sometimes provide additional practice exercises for them.

B: Got it. Thanks for the clarification.

A: No problem! Feel free to ask if you have any more questions.

CLIL

1. Read the text and answer the questions.

IN-DEMAND CAREERS FOR THE FUTURE

Technology has brought a lot of changes to our lives. The introduction of new technologies and the growth of artificial intelligence have also created a lot of career opportunities. Here are some jobs that we'll be seeing more of in the coming years.

Software developers and other coding careers

Nowadays, coding - or the process of writing computer programs - is becoming a valuable skill that recruiters are looking for. A recent survey of tech workers and employers has found that the job of a software developer will be the most important tech job in the future. Not surprisingly, in many countries, coding has even been added to the primary school curriculum.

Content creators

Over the past few years, the demand for content creators - those creating content for digital channels - has increased dramatically. There are a lot of job opportunities for content creators in different industries such as media, IT, fashion, pop music, travel and food services. Companies need to communicate with their customers, so they will always need talented content creators to help them. As a result, content creation will continue to grow and will still be a career in the future.

Data protection jobs

Personal data should only be collected and used for specific purposes. However, personal data can also be misused or used illegally to commit offences. Therefore, the demand for data protection officers, who educate employees about data handling, and data detectives, who examine data and detect issues, will go up. There will be plenty of data privacy jobs for people with the right technical and legal skills.

The above-mentioned jobs are among the many in-demand jobs of the future. If you are really interested in any of them, try to spend some time exploring them, so you can prepare for your future career.

Which job(s) involve(s)...

1. stopping or detecting illegal actions?

2. helping businesses to understand their customers better?

3. a skill that some students can start learning from a young age?

Answer:

1. Data protection jobs involve stopping or detecting illegal actions.

(The text mentions “Therefore, the demand for data protection officers, who educate employees about data handling, and data detectives, who examine data and detect issues, will go up.”)

2. Content creators involve helping businesses to understand their customers better.

(The text mentions “Companies need to communicate with their customers, so they will always need talented content creators to help them.)

3. Software developers and other coding careers involve a skill that some students can start learning from a young age.

(The text mentions “Not surprisingly, in many countries, coding has even been added to the primary school curriculum.”)

2. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.

Which job do you find the most interesting and why? What other jobs do you think will become popular in the future?

Answer:

- Personally, I find the role of a data scientist the most interesting. Data science involves analyzing complex data to extract meaningful insights that can solve real-world problems. I am fascinated by the potential of data-driven decision-making across various industries, from healthcare to finance and technology. The opportunity to work with cutting-edge technology like machine learning and artificial intelligence to uncover patterns and trends excites me. Moreover, data science offers a dynamic and challenging environment where continuous learning and problem-solving are essential, which aligns well with my interests and strengths in analytical thinking and problem-solving.

- I believe several jobs will become increasingly popular due to technological advancements and societal changes:

• AI and Machine Learning Specialists: With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, there will be a growing demand for specialists who can develop, implement, and maintain AI solutions across various industries.

• Cybersecurity Analysts: As digital threats and cyberattacks become more sophisticated, the need for cybersecurity professionals to protect sensitive data and infrastructure will continue to rise.

• Environmental Engineers and Sustainability Experts: With increasing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, there will be a greater demand for professionals who can develop and implement strategies to reduce carbon footprints, conserve resources, and promote eco-friendly practices.

• Healthcare Professionals: Jobs in healthcare, particularly those related to telemedicine, medical informatics, and personalized medicine, are expected to grow as technology transforms the delivery of healthcare services and patient care.

• Content Creators and Influencers: As digital media and social platforms continue to expand, there will be more opportunities for content creators, social media managers, and digital marketers who can create engaging and viral content.

• Robotics Engineers and Technicians: With the rise of automation and robotics, there will be an increasing demand for professionals who can design, build, and maintain robotic systems for manufacturing, healthcare, and household applications.

• E-commerce Specialists: The shift towards online shopping and digital transactions will create a demand for professionals skilled in e-commerce management, digital marketing, and logistics optimization.

VIII. LOOKING BACK

Pronunciation

Underline the stressed words in the following sentences. Listen and check. Then practise saying the sentences with a natural rhythm.

1. I saw a new job advert on the school noticeboard.

2. They're seeking a volunteer for their new project.

3. The heritage site wants to hire a tour guide with the relevant work experience.

4. My brother doesn't want to apply for a job that requires working with people.

Answer:

1. I saw a new job advert on the school noticeboard.

2. They're seeking a volunteer for their new project.

3. The heritage site wants to hire a tour guide with the relevant work experience.

4. My brother doesn't want to apply for a job that requires working with people.

VOCABULARY

Complete the text. Use the correct words and phrases in the box.

The world of work is changing very fast. Most jobs require both technical and (1) _______. There are many employment opportunities for doctors, nurses, or software developers. Other jobs such as travel agents or cashiers may become (2) _______ or obsolete. Most jobs will be replaced by robots. That's why it's important to choose and (3) _______ the right career path. To be successful and happy, you also need to have a(n) (4) _______ for your work and a(n) (5) _______.

Answer:

(1) soft skills

(2) automated

(3) pursue

(4) passion

(5) outgoing personality.

The world of work is changing very fast. Most jobs require both technical and (1) soft skills. There are many employment opportunities for doctors, nurses, or software developers. Other jobs such as travel agents or cashiers may become (2) automated or obsolete. Most jobs will be replaced by robots. That's why it's important to choose and (3) pursue the right career path. To be successful and happy, you also need to have a(n) (4) passion for your work and a(n) (5) outgoing personality.

GRAMMAR

Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.

1. It is important for Grade 12 students to keep ______ with the changes in the university entrance exams.

A. up

B. on

C. down

D. to

2. My father left his job because he couldn't put ______ with his colleagues' constant complaining.

A. on

B. up

C. along

D. through

3. The company is planning to cut down ______ staff to reduce costs.

A. in

B. along

C. on

D. at

4. Many teenagers find it difficult to live ______ to their parents' expectations.

A. in

B. on

C. back

D. up

Answer:

1. A - It is important for Grade 12 students to keep up with the changes in the university entrance exams.

2. B - My father left his job because he couldn't put up with his colleagues' constant complaining.

3. C - The company is planning to cut down on staff to reduce costs.

4. D - Many teenagers find it difficult to live up to their parents' expectations.

PROJECT

School-leavers' career plans

Work in groups. Ask questions to collect information from 8-10 classmates about their career plans.

Report your survey results to the class.

Survey questions

1. What kind of career are you interested in? Why have you chosen it?

__________________________________

2. How does your career choice relate to your interests?

__________________________________

3. What kind of training do you need in order to pursue your chosen career path?

__________________________________

4. What skills do you need to develop to be successful?

__________________________________

5. Is your chosen career in high demand? Will there be many employment opportunities for you (in your area / in the country)?

__________________________________

Answer:

1. What kind of career are you interested in? Why have you chosen it?

- I am interested in a career in environmental engineering. I have chosen this path because I am passionate about sustainability and want to contribute to finding solutions for environmental challenges like climate change and resource conservation.

2. How does your career choice relate to your interests?

- My career choice aligns perfectly with my interests in science, technology, and the environment. Environmental engineering combines my love for problem-solving with a desire to make a positive impact on the planet.

3. What kind of training do you need in order to pursue your chosen career path?

- To become an environmental engineer, I need to obtain a bachelor's degree in environmental engineering or a related field. Practical experience through internships and research projects will also be crucial to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world scenarios.

4. What skills do you need to develop to be successful?

- Critical skills for success in environmental engineering include strong analytical abilities to assess environmental issues, effective communication skills to collaborate with stakeholders, and proficiency in using specialized software for environmental modeling and analysis.

Is your chosen career in high demand? Will there be many employment opportunities for you (in your area / in the country)?

- Environmental engineering is increasingly in demand globally, especially with growing awareness of environmental issues. In my country, there are expanding opportunities in environmental consultancy, government agencies, and private industries committed to sustainability initiatives.