Communication

A. Draw a mind map in your notebook. In the center, write the environment. Brainstorm problems related to the environment in your country. Write them in your mind map.

(Vẽ sơ đồ tư duy vào vở. Ở trung tâm, viết môi trường. Động não các vấn đề liên quan đến môi trường ở nước bạn. Viết chúng vào sơ đồ tư duy của bạn)

Answer:

Some examples of problems related to the environment in Vietnam that you can add to your mind map:

• Air pollution

• Water pollution

• Deforestation

• Soil erosion

• Loss of biodiversity

• Climate change

• Illegal wildlife trade

• Plastic waste

• Overfishing

• Land degradation

B. Share your mind map in pairs. Explain the problems you wrote.

(Chia sẻ sơ đồ tư duy của bạn theo cặp. Giải thích các vấn đề bạn đã viết)

Answer:

1. Air pollution: This refers to the presence of harmful substances in the air that we breathe, such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. It can be caused by vehicle emissions, industrial activity, and burning of fossil fuels.

2. Water pollution: This is the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and oceans. It can be caused by sewage disposal, agricultural runoff, and industrial waste.

3. Deforestation: This refers to the cutting down and removal of forests or woodland. It can lead to habitat loss for animals, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity.

4. Soil erosion: This is the loss of topsoil due to natural forces such as wind and water, as well as human activities such as deforestation and agriculture. It can lead to reduced crop yields and land degradation.

5. Loss of biodiversity: This refers to the decrease in the number and variety of living species in a particular area. It can be caused by habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution.

6. Climate change: This is the long-term alteration of global weather patterns, including temperature, precipitation, and wind. It is caused by human activity, particularly the burning of fossil fuels.

7. Illegal wildlife trade: This is the illegal buying, selling, and trading of animal species, and it can lead to the extinction of some species.

8. Plastic waste: This is the disposal of single-use plastics that do not break down naturally and can cause harm to wildlife and ecosystems.

9. Overfishing: This refers to the excessive harvesting of fish in a particular area, which can lead to depletion of fish populations and harm to marine ecosystems.

10. Land degradation: This is the deterioration of land quality, including soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and chemical contamination. It can be caused by agricultural practices and deforestation.

C. In pairs, identify the causes and consequences of each problem and add them to your mind map. Then, join another pair and discuss possible solutions for the problems. What can local people do? What actions will help solve the problem or improve the situation?

(Làm theo cặp, xác định nguyên nhân và hậu quả của từng vấn đề và thêm chúng vào sơ đồ tư duy của bạn. Sau đó, tham gia một cặp khác và thảo luận các giải pháp khả thi cho các vấn đề. Người dân địa phương có thể làm gì? Những hành động nào sẽ giúp giải quyết vấn đề hoặc cải thiện tình hình?)

Answer:

1. Air pollution:

• Causes: Industrial and vehicular emissions, burning of fossil fuels, forest fires, agricultural activities, etc.

• Consequences: Respiratory diseases, reduced visibility, acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming, etc.

• Solutions: Using cleaner fuels and energy sources, reducing industrial emissions, improving public transportation, promoting cycling and walking, planting more trees, etc.

2. Water pollution:

• Causes: Industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff, oil spills, plastic waste, etc.

• Consequences: Waterborne diseases, loss of aquatic life, contaminated food, reduced tourism, etc.

• Solutions: Proper waste management, reducing plastic usage, treating and recycling wastewater, regulating industrial discharge, enforcing laws and regulations, etc.

3. Deforestation:

• Causes: Agricultural expansion, logging, mining, urbanization, etc.

• Consequences: Loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, climate change, disruption of local communities, etc.

• Solutions: Promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices, using alternative sources of fuel and energy, protecting forests and wildlife reserves, enforcing laws and regulations, etc.

4. Soil erosion:

• Causes: Deforestation, overgrazing, improper land use, mining, etc.

• Consequences: Reduced soil fertility, decreased agricultural productivity, desertification, sedimentation of waterways, etc.

• Solutions: Implementing sustainable land management practices, reforestation, conservation agriculture, terracing and contouring, etc.

5. Loss of biodiversity:

• Causes: Habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, climate change, etc.

• Consequences: Reduced ecosystem services, loss of medicinal plants, reduced tourism, etc.

• Solutions: Protecting and restoring habitats, reducing pollution and overexploitation, controlling invasive species, promoting sustainable tourism, etc.

6. Climate change:

• Causes: Burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrial activities, transportation, etc.

• Consequences: Rising sea levels, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, food and water insecurity, etc.

• Solutions: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, implementing carbon capture and storage technologies, etc.

7. Illegal wildlife trade:

• Causes: High demand for exotic pets, traditional medicines, and animal products, weak law enforcement, poverty, etc.

• Consequences: Decline in wildlife populations, loss of biodiversity, increased risk of zoonotic diseases, etc.

• Solutions: Strengthening law enforcement, promoting sustainable livelihoods for local communities, raising public awareness, reducing demand for wildlife products, etc.

8. Plastic waste:

• Causes: Improper waste management, single-use plastics, excessive packaging, etc.

• Consequences: Pollution of waterways and oceans, harm to wildlife, microplastic contamination of food and water, etc.

• Solutions: Reducing plastic usage, promoting recycling and proper waste management, banning single-use plastics, enforcing laws and regulations, etc.

9. Overfishing:

• Causes: Unsustainable fishing practices, illegal fishing, overcapacity of fishing fleets, etc.

• Consequences: Decline in fish populations, loss of biodiversity, food insecurity, job loss for fishermen, etc.

• Solutions: Implementing sustainable fishing practices, reducing fishing capacity, enforcing fishing regulations, promoting aquaculture, etc.

10. Land degradation:

• Causes: Unsustainable land use practices, overgrazing, deforestation, soil erosion, etc.

• Consequences: Reduced agricultural productivity, loss of biodiversity, desertification, increased frequency of natural disasters, etc.

• Solutions: Implementing sustainable land management practices, promoting reforestation and afforestation, reducing overgrazing, regulating land use, etc.

Writing

D. Complete the sentences about a problem in nature in your country.

(Hoàn thành các câu về một vấn đề trong tự nhiên ở nước bạn)

1. If we believe in conservation, we will______________________________.

2. If _____________________________________, many animals will be saved.

3. If people want to make positive changes, they will _________________.

Answer:

1. If we believe in conservation, we will take action to protect our natural resources and ecosystems.

2. If we stop illegal hunting and deforestation, many animals will be saved from extinction.

3. If people want to make positive changes, they will adopt sustainable practices, reduce their carbon footprint, and support conservation efforts.

E. Write 'but', 'so', and 'even though' in the correct places in the paragraph.

(Viết 'but', 'so', và 'even even' vào đúng chỗ trong đoạn văn)

By the 1990s, many species of animals were endangered in Namibia because of poaching. The situation was serious, (1) ______________ conservationists needed to find a way to protect the animals. They found one, (2) ___________ it wasn't what you would expect: they asked poachers for help. (3) ______________this seemed crazy, | think it was a great idea. If we want to protect endangered species, we need to consider every solution.

Answer:

By the 1990s, many species of animals were endangered in Namibia because of poaching. The situation was serious, (1) even though conservationists needed to find a way to protect the animals. They found one, (2) but it wasn't what you would expect: they asked poachers for help. (3) So, even though this seemed crazy, I think it was a great idea. If we want to protect endangered species, we need to consider every solution.

F. Complete the text with the word and phrases in the box.

(Hoàn thành văn bản với từ và cụm từ trong hộp)

One effective solution For example To do this

Besides Another solution One reason

Many developing countries in South East Asia are witnessing an alarming increase in poaching. This causes great concern in those countries. There are several reasons why many people continue their illegal act of hunting wild animals. (1) _____________ is that people hunt for some parts of rare animals’ body. (2) ____________, they kill elephants for ivory or rhinos for horns. (3)______________, some local people hunt wild animals for food. If poaching continues, it will threaten the survival of many species. Poaching also affects the natural ecosystem. In particular, the ecosystem will be unbalanced if one species becomes extinct. To prevent these possible consequences, both governments and people should take action. (4) _______________ is raising public awareness of poaching problems. (5) ________________, schools can educate students about the importance of wild animals and the dangers of poaching. (6) ______________ could be making the laws against poaching stricter. Building more wildlife rescue centers like the Moholoholo Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in South Africa is also a good suggestion to solve the issue of poaching.

Answer:

Many developing countries in South East Asia are witnessing an alarming increase in poaching. This causes great concern in those countries. There are several reasons why many people continue their illegal act of hunting wild animals. (1) One reason is that people hunt for some parts of rare animals’ body. (2) For example, they kill elephants for ivory or rhinos for horns. (3) Besides, some local people hunt wild animals for food. If poaching continues, it will threaten the survival of many species. Poaching also affects the natural ecosystem. In particular, the ecosystem will be unbalanced if one species becomes extinct. To prevent these possible consequences, both governments and people should take action. (4) One effective solution is raising public awareness of poaching problems. (5) To do this, schools can educate students about the importance of wild animals and the dangers of poaching. (6) Another solution could be making the laws against poaching stricter. Building more wildlife rescue centers like the Moholoholo Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in South Africa is also a good suggestion to solve the issue of poaching.

G. Choose the possible causes and effects of climate change. Then work in pairs and discuss some solutions to this environmental issue.

(Chọn những nguyên nhân và tác động có thể có của biến đổi khí hậu. Sau đó làm việc theo cặp và thảo luận về một số giải pháp cho vấn đề môi trường này)

Answer:

1. burning fossil fuels - a. hotter temperatures

2. forcing circus animals to perform - e. risks of animal abuse

3. using recycle products - c. more natural disasters

4. cutting down forests - b. loss of species

5. hunting wild animals d. more jobs for humans

Possible solutions:

1. Increase the use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower.

2. Promote eco-friendly and sustainable practices in the entertainment industry.

3. Encourage the use of recyclable products and reduce the production and disposal of non-recyclable products.

4. Implement stricter laws and regulations to prevent illegal hunting and poaching of endangered species.

5. Promote reforestation efforts and preserve natural habitats to increase the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide.

Goal check

1. In your notebook, write a passage (150-180 words) with introduction, development, and conclusion, explaining an environmental issue in your country. Explain the causes and consequences of the problem and give some possible solutions.

(Trong vở của bạn, hãy viết một đoạn văn (150-180 từ) với phần giới thiệu, diễn biến và kết luận, giải thích một vấn đề môi trường ở nước bạn. Giải thích nguyên nhân và hậu quả của vấn đề và đưa ra một số giải pháp khả thi)

2. In pairs, exchange your passages. How can your partner improve his or her paragraph? Use your partner's comments to make corrections to your paragraph.

(Theo cặp, trao đổi đoạn văn của bạn. Làm thế nào đối tác của bạn có thể cải thiện đoạn văn của mình? Sử dụng nhận xét của đối tác của bạn để sửa chữa đoạn văn của bạn)

Answer:

Air pollution is a significant environmental issue in my country, which is caused by industrial activities, vehicular emissions, and burning solid fuels for heating and cooking. The problem has severe consequences on human health, with respiratory illnesses, heart disease, and lung cancer being among the most common health issues. Moreover, air pollution also damages the environment and ecosystems, impacting the quality of soil, water, and vegetation. It also contributes to climate change by increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

To address this issue, it is essential to regulate industrial emissions and vehicular traffic, promote the use of public transportation, carpooling, and cycling, and encourage the use of cleaner fuel sources such as natural gas. Energy-efficient practices in households can also help reduce the amount of solid fuels burned. Additionally, increasing public awareness and education campaigns can help drive individual and collective efforts to reduce air pollution. By taking these measures, we can mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution and protect our health and environment.