Word Skills

1. Read the article. What is the problem Boyan Slat is trying to solve? What is his solution?

(Đọc bài viết. Vấn đề Boyan Slat đang cố gắng giải quyết là gì? Giải pháp của anh ấy là gì?)

There are very few people who come up with a world - changing idea during their lifetime - but to come up with it while you are still a student is even more unusual. But that is exactly what Dutch teenager Boyan Slat has done. Environmental Impact magazine interviewed him.

EIM What is the problem that you identified?

BS Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic end up in the oceans, where the waves break it up into tiny pieces. This pollution kills millions of sea creatures every year.

EIM Hasn‘ there been any action to stop it?

BS Very little, even though campaigners have been calling for it for years.

EIM And you've worked out a way to tackle the problem.

BS Yes. My invention would float on the surface of the ocean and gradually clean it up by collecting around 20 billion tonnes of plastic from the water.

EIM What would you do with all that plastic?

BS Rather than throwing this away, it could be recycled and sold for about $500 million a year.

EIM And how would your floating invention be powered?

BS It would take energy from the waves and sun, so it would never run out of it!

Answer:

Boyan Slat is trying to solve the problem of plastic pollution in the oceans. Every year, millions of tonnes of plastic end up in the oceans, where the waves break it up into tiny pieces, killing millions of sea creatures. Despite campaigners calling for action for years, very little has been done to stop it. Boyan Slat's solution is to invent a floating device that would gradually clean up the ocean by collecting around 20 billion tonnes of plastic from the water. The collected plastic would then be recycled and sold for about $500 million a year. The floating device would be powered by energy from the waves and sun, ensuring that it never runs out of energy.

2. Circle the correct words to complete the Learn this! box. Use the examples in the box and the article to help you.

(Khoanh tròn những từ đúng để hoàn thành bài Learn this! hộp. Sử dụng các ví dụ trong hộp và bài viết để giúp bạn)

LEARN THIS! Separable and inseparable phrasal verbs

a. Two-part phrasal verbs can be separable or inseparable. With separable phrasal verbs, the object can come before or after the particle (for, up, with, etc).

We must work out the answer.

OR We must work the answer out.

b. When the object is a pronoun (her, it, them, etc.) it can only come (1) after / before the particle.

We must work it out.

c. With inseparable phrasal verbs, the object always comes (2) after / before the particle, even when it is a pronoun.

She looks after her dad. She looks after him.

d. Three-part phrasal verbs are always (3) separable / inseparable.

We won't run out of energy. We won't run out of it.

Answer:

LEARN THIS! Separable and inseparable phrasal verbs

a. Two-part phrasal verbs can be separable or inseparable. With separable phrasal verbs, the object can come before or after the particle (for, up, with, etc).

We must work out the answer.

OR We must work the answer out.

b. When the object is a pronoun (her, it, them, etc.) it can only come (1) after the particle.

We must work it out.

c. With inseparable phrasal verbs, the object always comes (2) after the particle, even when it is a pronoun.

She looks after her dad. She looks after him.

d. Three-part phrasal verbs are always (3) separable.

We won't run out of energy. We won't run it out of.

3. Find the phrasal verbs in the article. Are they separable or inseparable? How do you know?

(Tìm các cụm động từ trong bài viết. Chúng có thể tách rời hay không thể tách rời? Làm sao bạn biết?)

Answer:

The phrasal verbs in the article are:

• "come up with" (separable)

• "end up" (inseparable)

• "break it up" (separable)

• "clean it up" (separable)

• "work out" (separable)

• "throw away" (separable)

• "run out of" (separable)

I know "come up with" is separable because the object "it" can come before or after the particle "up". "End up" is inseparable because the object "in the oceans" cannot come between "end" and "up". "Break it up", "clean it up", "work out", "throw away", and "run out of" are separable because their objects can come before or after their particles.

4. DICTIONARY WORK Read the dictionary entries. Then answer the questions below.

(Đọc các mục từ điển. Sau đó trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây)

PHR V look after sb/sth/yourself to be responsible for or take care of sb/sth/yourself: I'll go back to work if I can find somebody to look after the children.

* The old lady’s son looked after all her financial affairs.

look down on sb/sth to think that you are better than sb / sth

look sth up to search for information in a book: to look up a word in a dictionary

look up to sb to respect and admire sb

1. Which phrasal verbs are two-part and which are three-part?

2. Which two-part phrasal verb is separable and which is inseparable? How do you know?

Answer:

1. Which phrasal verbs are two-part and which are three-part?

• "look after" and "look down on" are two-part phrasal verbs, while "look up" and "look up to" are three-part phrasal verbs.

2. Which two-part phrasal verb is separable and which is inseparable? How do you know?

• "look after" is inseparable because the object cannot come between the verb and the particle, as in "look after the children" (not "look the children after"). "look down on" is inseparable as well, as the object cannot come between the verb and the particle, as in "look down on someone" (not "look someone down on").

5. VOCABULARY Match the phrasal verbs below with definitions 1-9. Is each phrasal verb separable or inseparable?

(Nối các cụm động từ dưới đây với các định nghĩa từ 1-9. Mỗi cụm động từ có thể tách rời hay không thể tách rời?)

Separable and inseparable phrasal verbs

ask sb out bring sth up call sth off

come across sth count on sb

give sth up hold sb up take after sb turn into sth

1. stop doing something give sth up (separable)

2. mention something

3. be similar to somebody (a parent or older relative)

4. rely on somebody

5. delay somebody

6. invite somebody to go on a date (e.g. to the cinema)

7. find something accidentally

8. become something else

9. cancel something

Answer:

1. give up - separable

2. bring up - separable

3. take after - inseparable

4. count on - separable

5. hold up - separable

6. ask out - separable

7. come across - inseparable

8. turn into - inseparable

9. call off - separable

6. Complete each question using a phrasal verb from exercise 4 or 5. Complete the follow-up question with the same phrasal verb and the correct pronoun.

(Hoàn thành mỗi câu hỏi bằng cách sử dụng một cụm động từ từ bài tập 4 hoặc 5. Hoàn thành câu hỏi tiếp theo với cùng một cụm động từ và đại từ đúng)

1. Which person from history do you ____________ to? Why do you ____________?

Which person from history do you look up to? Why do ...

2. Which food or habit would you like to ____________? Why do you want to ____________?

3. If you could ____________ a famous person, who would you choose? Why would you want to ____________?

4. Have you ever ____________ some money in the street? If so, what did you do when you ____________?

5. Which member of your family do you ____________? In what way do you ____________?

Answer:

1. Which person from history do you look up to? Why do you look up to them?

2. Which food or habit would you like to give up? Why do you want to give it up?

3. If you could ask out a famous person, who would you ask out? Why would you want to ask them out?

4. Have you ever come across some money in the street? If so, what did you do when you came across it?

5. Which member of your family do you resemble the most? In what way do you resemble them?

7. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions and follow-up questions from exercise 6.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi và câu hỏi tiếp theo từ bài tập 6)

Answer:

• Have you ever given up a food or habit before? What was it?

A: Yes, I gave up smoking last year.

B: That's great! Why did you want to give it up?

A: I wanted to improve my health and avoid the risk of lung cancer.

• If you could ask out any famous person, who would it be and why?

A: I would ask out Chris Evans because he seems like a fun and down-to-earth person.

B: Oh, I see. What would you do on your date?

A: Maybe we could go for a hike or have a picnic in the park.

• Have you ever come across any money in the street? What did you do?

A: Yes, I found a $20 bill on the sidewalk once.

B: Wow, what did you do with it?

A: I tried to look for the owner, but nobody claimed it so I kept it.

• Which family member do you take after the most? In what way?

A: I take after my dad. We both have a good sense of humor and enjoy making people laugh.

B: That's cool. What else do you have in common?

A: We both love playing basketball and listening to classic rock music.

• Which family member do you resemble the most physically? In what way?

A: I resemble my mom the most. We have the same eye color and similar facial features.

B: Interesting. Do you also share any personality traits with her?

A: Yeah, we are both very organized and detail-oriented.