Grammar

1. SPEAKING Look at the photo and the title of the article. What do you think the article is about?

(Nhìn vào bức ảnh và tiêu đề của bài báo. Bạn nghĩ bài viết nói về cái gì?)

Answer:

Based on the photo and title, the article is likely about the emerging technology of bioprinting, which uses 3D printing to create human tissue and organs. The article may discuss the potential benefits and challenges of this technology, and how it could revolutionize healthcare in the future.

2. Read the article and check your ideas.

(Đọc bài viết và kiểm tra ý tưởng của bạn)

BIO-PRINTING

It is already possible to ‘print’ three-dimensional objects out of plastic and metal using a 3-D printer. Now scientists are developing printers that will be able to print human organs and body parts. If they are successful, doctors could save millions of lives. At the moment, scientists are able to print human tissue and bone, but the printing of whole organs will probably be a reality by 2025. Doctors are certain that bio-printing will revolutionise the treatment of cancer and heart disease. Moreover, if we can produce organs such as hearts and kidneys, patients won’t die while they’re waiting for an organ donor. The technology is very expensive and the cost might not come down for a while. But when it does, bio-printing could play an important part in all our lives.

Answer:

The article is about the emerging technology of bioprinting, which involves using 3D printing to create human tissue and organs. It discusses how scientists are working on developing printers that can print human organs and body parts, and how this technology could revolutionize the treatment of cancer and heart disease. The article also highlights the potential benefits of bioprinting, such as the ability to produce organs like hearts and kidneys and reduce the wait time for organ donors. It notes that while the technology is currently expensive, it could become more accessible in the future.

3. Match the highlighted structures in the article with rules a—d in the Learn this! box below.

(Nối các cấu trúc được đánh dấu trong bài viết với các quy tắc a—d trong phần Learn this bên dưới)

LEARN THIS! Speculating and predicting

a. We use will / won't to make predictions.

Scientists will find a cure for cancer.

b. We can use phrases with will / won't to make the predictions stronger or weaker.

I'm (fairly) sure / I think / I don't think / I doubt scientists will find a cure for cancer.

Scientists will definitely / probably find a cure for cancer.

c. We use may / might / could + infinitive without to to talk about possibility in the future.

Scientists may / might / could find a cure for cancer.

d. We use may not / might not for the negative. We do not use could not.

will be able; could save; will probably be; are certain that bio-printing will revolutionise; won't die; might not come; could play

Answer:

• "will be able" matches with rule (c), which states that we use "will" to make predictions about the future.

• "could save" matches with rule (a), which states that we use "will" or "won't" to make predictions.

• "will probably be" matches with rule (b), which states that we can use phrases with "will" or "won't" to make predictions stronger or weaker.

• "are certain that bio-printing will revolutionise" matches with rule (b), which states that we can use phrases with "will" or "won't" to make predictions stronger or weaker.

• "won't die" matches with rule (a), which states that we use "will" or "won't" to make predictions.

• "might not come" matches with rule (d), which states that we use "might not" for the negative.

• "could play" matches with rule (a), which states that we use "will" or "won't" to make predictions.

4. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Make predictions about your partner's future life using the prompts. Use will / may / might / could and phrases from the Learn this! box above. Your partner says if he / she agrees or not.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Đưa ra dự đoán về cuộc sống tương lai của đối tác của bạn bằng cách sử dụng lời nhắc. Sử dụng will/may/might/could và các cụm từ Learn this! ở phía trên cái hộp. Đối tác của bạn nói nếu anh ấy / cô ấy đồng ý hay không)

1. What / study at university?

2. When / leave home?

3. What job / do?

4. When / get married?

5. How many children / have?

6. What type of car / drive?

I think you'll study maths at university.

No, I definitely won't study maths. I might study history.

Answer:

1. What will you study at university?

2. When will you leave home?

3. What job may / might / could you do?

4. When will you get married?

5. How many children will / may / might you have?

6. What type of car will / may / might you drive?

5. Study the examples in the Learn this! box below and complete the rules with the correct verbs and tenses.

(Nghiên cứu các ví dụ trong phần Tìm hiểu này! ô bên dưới và hoàn thành các quy tắc với các động từ và thì đúng)

LEARN THIS! The first conditional

a. We form the first conditional with the (1) ___________ in the 'if' clause and (2) ___________ / won't + infinitive without to in the main clause.

If I pass all my exams, I'll go to university.

b. We can make predictions with the first conditional.

You'll cut yourself if you aren't careful with that knife.

c. We can use may / (3) ___________ / could in the main clause to make the prediction less certain.

You might cut yourself if you aren't careful.

Answer:

a. We form the first conditional with the present simple in the 'if' clause and will / won't + infinitive without to in the main clause.

If I pass all my exams, I'll go to university.

b. We can make predictions with the first conditional.

You'll cut yourself if you aren't careful with that knife.

c. We can use may / might / could in the main clause to make the prediction less certain.

You might cut yourself if you aren't careful.

6. Complete the article below with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the first conditional. In gaps 4 and 6, use a modal verb to make the prediction less certain.

(Hoàn thành bài viết dưới đây với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. Sử dụng điều kiện đầu tiên. Ở khoảng trống 4 và 6, sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu để làm cho dự đoán kém chắc chắn hơn)

Some animals, like lizards and worms, have an amazing ability to grow new body parts if they lose them. Salamanders can grow new legs and some worms can re-grow every part of their body, including their head! If scientists (1) _____________ (can) discover how this happens, in theory it (2) _____________ (be) possible to re-grow human body parts too. Very few scientists are working on this problem now, but if governments (3) _____________ (start) to spend more money on research, then this dream (4) _____________ (become) a reality. Amazingly, some worms have no limit on lifespan, as they continually re-grow their bodies as they age. So if we (5) _____________ (learn) to repair human limbs and organs, it (6) _____________ (be) possible to prevent us from dying. But that is a long way in the future.

Answer:

Some animals, like lizards and worms, have an amazing ability to grow new body parts if they lose them. Salamanders can grow new legs and some worms can re-grow every part of their body, including their head! If scientists (1) can discover how this happens, in theory it a (2) could be possible to re-grow human body parts too. Very few scientists are working on this problem now, but if governments (3) start to spend more money on research, then this dream (4) might become a reality. Amazingly, some worms have no limit on lifespan, as they continually re-grow their bodies as they age. So if we (5) learn to repair human limbs and organs, it (6) could be possible to prevent us from dying. But that is a long way in the future.

7. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Ask and answer using the first conditional and the ideas below.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hỏi và trả lời bằng câu điều kiện loại 1 và các ý bên dưới)

1. You feel ill tomorrow morning.

2. The weather is fine at the weekend.

3. You get poor marks in your next English test.

4. Your best friend forgets your birthday.

5. Your own ideas

What will you do if you feel ill tomorrow morning?

l'll visit the doctor. / I won't come to school.

Answer:

2. If the weather is fine at the weekend, what will you do?

• I'll go for a picnic with my family. / I'll play outdoor sports with my friends.

3. If you get poor marks in your next English test, what will you do?

• I'll study harder and try to do better in the next test. / I'll ask my teacher for extra help.

4. If your best friend forgets your birthday, what will you do?

• I'll remind them politely and hope they make it up to me. / I'll forgive them and not make a big deal out of it.

5. If you win the lottery, what will you do?

• I'll invest some of the money, travel to my dream destination and donate to charity. / I'll buy a new car and a big house.