Grammar

1. Read the dialogue. Who has a problem with their phone: Freya, Archie or both? Explain your answer.

(Đọc đoạn hội thoại. Ai gặp sự cố với điện thoại của họ: Freya, Archie hay cả hai? Giải thich câu trả lơi của bạn)

Freya: I can’t find my camera, Archie.

Archie: There it is. It’s under your bag. Why do you have to bring it to class?

Freya: I must take it to my photography class today. By the way, I didn’t understand that email you sent me yesterday.

Archie: I didn't send any emails yesterday.

Freya: Well, you might have sent it earlier. But I got it yesterday.

Archie: I can’t have sent you an email. My phone hasn't been working for a week.

Freya: Somebody must have used your account. The email had a link to a competition, but when I clicked on it, nothing happened.

Archie: Oh no! You shouldn't have clicked on the link. You've possibly downloaded some malware onto your phone.

Freya: That's terrible! You should have warned me earlier.

Archie: I didn’t know! Anyway, you might not have downloaded anything. It’s possible that you were lucky. You just need to wait and see.

Freya: Anyway, you need to warn your other friends. That email could have gone to everybody in your address book!

Answer:

Archie has a problem with his phone as he says it hasn't been working for a week, and he denies sending any email to Freya. Therefore, it's not possible that he has sent the email that Freya received. Freya has a problem with the email she received as she clicked on a link and nothing happened, and Archie warns her that she may have downloaded malware onto her phone.

1. Read the dialogue. Who has a problem with their phone: Freya, Archie or both? Explain your answer.

(Đọc đoạn hội thoại. Ai gặp sự cố với điện thoại của họ: Freya, Archie hay cả hai? Giải thich câu trả lơi của bạn)

Freya: I can’t find my camera, Archie.

Archie: There it is. It’s under your bag. Why do you have to bring it to class?

Freya: I must take it to my photography class today. By the way, I didn’t understand that email you sent me yesterday.

Archie: I didn't send any emails yesterday.

Freya: Well, you might have sent it earlier. But I got it yesterday.

Archie: I can’t have sent you an email. My phone hasn't been working for a week.

Freya: Somebody must have used your account. The email had a link to a competition, but when I clicked on it, nothing happened.

Archie: Oh no! You shouldn't have clicked on the link. You've possibly downloaded some malware onto your phone.

Freya: That's terrible! You should have warned me earlier.

Archie: I didn’t know! Anyway, you might not have downloaded anything. It’s possible that you were lucky. You just need to wait and see.

Freya: Anyway, you need to warn your other friends. That email could have gone to everybody in your address book!

Answer:

Archie has a problem with his phone as he says it hasn't been working for a week, and he denies sending any email to Freya. Therefore, it's not possible that he has sent the email that Freya received. Freya has a problem with the email she received as she clicked on a link and nothing happened, and Archie warns her that she may have downloaded malware onto her phone.

2. PRONUNCIATION Listen to the dialogue. How is 'have' pronounced?

(Lắng nghe cuộc hội thoại. 'have' được phát âm như thế nào?)

Answer:

HS tự thực hiện.

LEARN THIS! 'Must' vs 'have to'

a. Must and have to both mean obligation. Must expresses obligation imposed by the speaker while have to expresses external obligation.

b. Mustn't: it’s necessary not to do something

You mustn't use a dictionary during your test.

c. Don't have to: it’s not necessary to do something

You don't have to answer all of the questions.

3. Read the Learn this! box. Underline must / have to + infinitive in the dialogue. Then complete the following sentences using 'must', 'mustn’t', 'have to', 'don’t have to'.

(Đọc Learn this! Gạch dưới must/have to + infinitive trong đoạn hội thoại. Sau đó hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng 'must', 'mustn't', 'have to', 'don’t have to')

1. A hotel receptionist ____________ be good at communication.

2. You ____________ pay for the tickets in advance.

3. Examinees ____________ switch off all modern gadgets during the exams.

4. You ____________ leave litter lying around.

Answer:

1. A hotel receptionist must be good at communication.

2. You have to pay for the tickets in advance.

3. Examinees must switch off all modern gadgets during the exams.

4. You mustn’t leave litter lying around.

In the dialogue:

• Freya: I must take it to my photography class today.

• Archie: Why do you have to bring it to class?

• Freya: Somebody must have used your account.

• Archie: You shouldn't have clicked on the link. You've possibly downloaded some malware onto your phone.

• Freya: Anyway, you need to warn your other friends. That email could have gone to everybody in your address book!

LEARN THIS! Modal verbs

a. We use may / might / could have + past participle for speculating about past events.

She may / might / could have gone home hours ago. (= It’s possible she went home hours ago.)

b. We use may / might not have + past participle (but not could not have) as the negative.

She didn’t phone. She might / may not have known my number. (= It’s possible she didn’t know it)

c. We use must have and can’t / couldn't have + past participle to make logical deductions about the past.

You can't / couldn't have seen Louis in town. He lives abroad now. (= It’s not possible that you saw him.)

You must have seen somebody who looks like him. (= That is the only possible explanation.)

d. We use should / shouldn't have + past participle to criticise past actions.

You should have phoned her before you went out.

You shouldn't have used all the credit on your phone.

4. Read the Learn this! box. Underline the past modal verbs in the dialogue in exercise 1.

(Đọc Tìm hiểu điều này! hộp. Gạch dưới các động từ khuyết thiếu trong quá khứ trong đoạn hội thoại ở bài tập 1)

Answer:

The sentences with past modal verbs are:

• "Well, you might have sent it earlier. But I got it yesterday."

• "I can’t have sent you an email. My phone hasn't been working for a week."

• "Somebody must have used your account."

• "You shouldn't have clicked on the link. You've possibly downloaded some malware onto your phone."

• "You might not have downloaded anything. It’s possible that you were lucky."

5. USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Include the word in brackets.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nghĩa giống như câu thứ nhất. Bao gồm từ trong ngoặc)

1. It was a bad idea for you to lend Jake your phone. (shouldn't)

You ____________________ Jake your phone.

2. It’s possible that Fraser deleted your messages by accident. (could)

Fraser ____________________ by accident.

3. The only possible explanation is that you sent that email to the wrong person. (must)

You ____________________ the wrong person.

4. It’s possible that I didn’t dial the correct number. (may)

I ____________________ the correct number.

5. Leaving your phone on was a bad idea. (should)

You ____________________ your phone off.

6. It’s not possible that Tom phoned Kim. (can’t)

Tom ____________________ Kim.

Answer:

1. You shouldn't have lent Jake your phone.

2. Fraser could have deleted your messages by accident.

3. You must have sent that email to the wrong person.

4. I may not have dialed the correct number.

5. You should have turned your phone off.

6. Tom can't have phoned Kim.

6. SPEAKING Work in pairs. Describe the photo. Say what might / must / can’t have happened.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Mô tả bức ảnh. Nói điều gì có thể/phải/không thể xảy ra)

Answer:

In the photo shows that there is a smartphone on the chair on the street / in the park. Maybe someone left it there while they went for a walk or maybe they accidentally dropped it. It's hard to say for sure.

It is possible that someone might have picked it up and taken it with them, especially if the phone was left unattended for a while. Alternatively, someone might have found the phone and brought it to a nearby lost and found or police station.

It must have been a busy area with many people passing by, otherwise the phone may have been noticed and retrieved by its owner already. It is also possible that the owner of the phone might come back to the spot to look for it and retrieve it.

It can't have been too long since the phone was left on the chair, otherwise someone would have likely already taken it or turned it in to authorities.